the political and social revolutions during recent years have made rapid changes in urban and rural life. these have created inequality in the distribution of resources and lack of congruent development among cities and rural migration in third world countries. herein, there are various techniques for assessing the rate of development in different regions one of which is analytical hierarchy me...

1567-4223/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2011.07.005 q The authors are grateful to CGAP, CAPES and C financial support granted for this research. ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 11 33842416. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Jayo). Over the last decade, Brazil has pioneered an innovative model of branchless banking, known as correspondent banking, involvin...

Contracts as Reference Points: Experimental Evidence In a recent paper, Hart and Moore (2008) introduce new behavioral assumptions that can explain long term contracts and important aspects of the employment relation. However, so far there exists no direct evidence that supports these assumptions and, in particular, Hart and Moore’s notion that contracts provide reference points. In this paper,...

It was hypothesized that temporal pauses in letter series are the major places at which receding occurs, either in terms of a pronunciation code (e.g., VAF) or a meaningful code (e.g., IBM). If pauses determine the units on which receding is attempted, then there will be an optimal and several nonoptimal ways to locate pauses in a given series of codable trigrams. Three immediate recall experim...

We consider a well-known family of SDEs with irregular drifts and the correspondent zero noise limits. Using (mollified) local times, we show which trajectories are selected. The approach is completely probabilistic and relies on elementary stochastic calculus only.

Evolutionary branching points are a paradigmatic feature of adaptive dynamics, because they are potential starting points for adaptive diversification. The antithesis to evolutionary branching points are continuously stable strategies (CSS's), which are convergent stable and evolutionarily stable equilibrium points of the adaptive dynamics and hence are thought to represent endpoints of adaptiv...

The article deals with the problems of notions application by carriage goods different types transport. absence single approach both in theoretical part and legislation base creates Russia ambiguousness definition such as “multimodal transportation”, “intermodal “direct mixed transport”, “mixed “combined transport”. Authors view existing approaches abroad make correspondent conclusions.

Among the female war reporters of First World War, Annie Christitch stands out as a journalist, lecturer and Catholic suffragist whose biography career transcended national boundaries. Of Irish-Serbian descent, she was raised in renowned family Belgrade St Petersburg, went to university London became fluent several languages. During war, acted correspondent for Daily Express nurse reli...

In this paper we propose to support symmetric bidirectional route optimization in mobile IPv4 considering ingress-filtering routers. We developed subnet-based direct tunneling techniques to improve the routing efficiency for mobile IP and a binding optimization technique to reduce the handoff latency for mobile nodes. An enhanced correspondent agent was introduced to collaborate with the home a...