CONTEXT Rectal administration of artemisinin derivatives is a potentially lifesaving emergency treatment of severe malaria. Many different preparations are marketed in tropical countries, but their pharmacokinetic disposition and clinical efficacy may vary. OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of rectally administered artesunate, artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and ...

The emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria has been widely reported in scientific journals as well as the lay press. But how strong is the scientific evidence? It makes sense that artemisinin-resistant malaria would be emerging. Falciparum malaria has become resistant to every other drug. Why should artemisinin be different? Furthermore, artemisinin resistance seems to be developing in the ...

We report a theoretical study on the electronic and topological aspects of the reaction of dihydrated Fe(OH)(2) with 6,7,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, as a model for the reaction of heme with artemisinin. A comparison is made with the reaction of dihydrated ferrous hydroxide with O(2), as a model for the heme interaction with oxygen. We found that dihydrated Fe(OH)(2) reacts more efficiently wi...

Widespread availability of monotherapies and falsified antimalarials is thought to have contributed to the historical development of multidrug-resistant malaria in Cambodia. This study aimed to document the quality of artemisinin-containing antimalarials (ACAs) and to compare two methods of collecting antimalarials from drug outlets: through open surveyors and mystery clients (MCs). Few oral ar...

The quantitative insight in processes underlying yield and concentrations of interesting secondary metabolites in crops is still limited. Yet, this insight is essential to further improve crops and commercial production of target metabolites. Artemisia annua L. (annual or sweet wormwood, Asteraceae) was used to conceptualize a model to describe the processes determining and limiting the product...

who recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) as the most effective choice to treat malaria. for developing transgenic plants with high accumulation of artemisinin (by introducing genes encoding enzymes which regulate the biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin), an efficient protocol for tissue culture and plant regeneration is necessary. in the present study, leaf explants of arte...

In this tutorial review, an effort towards presentation of a comprehensive account of the recent developments on various kinds of artemisinin derivatives including artemisinin dimers, trimers and tetramers has been made and their efficacy towards malaria parasites and different cancer cells lines was compared with that of artemisinins, and various other anti-malarial and anti-cancer drugs. It i...

Artemisinin and six of its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro gametocytocidal and erythrocytic schizontocidal properties on an Indian isolate of Plasmodium falciparum. One of the metabolic derivatives, DADF-dihydroartemisinin (NIH02), was found to possess gametocytocidal and erythrocytic schizontocidal properties similar to those of artemisinin. Gametocytes of this isolate were highl...

Artemisia herba alba & monosperma: The Discovery of the first potential Egyptian plant sources for Pharmaceutical Commercial Production Artemisinin and Some Its Related AnaloguesEl Motaz Bellah El Maggar