Those who have worked in the field of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) since the early 1990s have accepted many of the tedious aspects of the early assays as routine. Difficulties associated with early quantitative PCR techniques included: (i) ensuring that the PCR was within the linear range of amplification (that portion where the PCR signal is directly proportional to the input c...

The image on this cover is of an OpenArray ® plate which is primarily used for mid-density real-time PCR on the QuantStudio™ 12K Flex system. The figure above shows the commonly used formats for real-time PCR.

The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses fluorescent reporter molecules to monitor the production of amplification products during each cycle of the PCR reaction. This combines the DNA amplification and detection steps into one homogeneous assay and obviates the need for gel electrophoresis to detect amplification products. Appropriate data analysis and/or use of apposite chemistries ...

The amplifi cation refractory mutation system (ARMS), which has also been described as allele-specifi c PCR (ASP) and PCR amplifi cation of specifi c alleles (PASA), is a PCR-based method of detecting single base mutations (Newton et al., 1989). ARMS has been applied successfully to the analysis of a wide range of polymorphisms, germline mutations and somatic mutations. The technique has the ab...

a peak within 1–2 °C of the predicted T m. This allows T m peaks, which indicate the presence or absence of a PCR product, to be strategically placed within the typical melting curve range of 45–70 °C for hybridization probes. Over this melting curve range we feel it should be possible to clearly distinguish three peaks in a single channel. This potentially makes it possible to multiplex six mu...

the polyphenol silybin has anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. the poor bioavailability of some polyphenols (flavonoids, and terpenoids) can be improved by binding them to phosphatidylcholine (phytosome technology). many studies have focused on the most common phytosome, silybin-phosphatidylcholine, particularly for its hepatoprotective effects. however, in recent years, studies have also ...

introduction: the estrogen receptors are potential candidates in prognosis and particularly in predicting hormone response therapy in breast cancer. the aim of this study was to measure erα gene expression due to study of the association between erα expression, age and menopause of iranian women with breast cancer. methods: 21 adenocarcinoma cases with grade 2 and 10 normal samples were screene...

cardiovascular disease (cvd) is the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. atherosclerosis is the major cause of cvd, accounting for about half of the attributed deaths. cholesterol homeostasis is one of the most important factors in atherosclerosis. atp-binding cassette transporters cholesterol. omega (ω) 3 fatty acids are important ligands for regulation of abc transpor...