Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest growth rate in net international migration in the world. The reasons for this migration are investigated in this paper. First, a survey of the literature on the profile and determinants of international migration in SSA is given. Second, panel data on 45 countries spanning the period 1965 to 2005 are used to determine that the main reasons for internatio...

CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN WOMEN’S SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND HIV RISKS Post-conflict transitions are very complex and context-determined. However, they can be usefully broken down into three broad, sometimes overlapping, phases: emergency and stabilization (0-11 months post-armed conflict), transition and recovery (12-47 months after the cessation of war), and peace and development (4-10 years post-arm...

Background: In all wars, the only group that suffers even more than the military is the civilians, because they are the target of these conflicts due to their physiological condition, and because they are less able to defend themselves, they are more at risk than others. Individuals are exposed and more exposed to violence and violations of rights and freedoms than any other individual or group...

BACKGROUND Armed conflict has been described as an important contributor to the social determinants of health and a driver of health inequity, including maternal health. These conflicts may severely reduce access to maternal health services and, as a consequence, lead to poor maternal health outcomes for a period extending beyond the conflict itself. As such, understanding how maternal health-s...

This paper provides a critical analysis of the United Nations (UN) Security Council’s ‘naming and shaming’ provision in operative paragraph 3 of Security Council resolution 1960 (2010), arguing this is a counterproductive development in the contemporary collective security approach to women, peace and security. Resolution 1960, the fifth Security Council resolution on women, peace and security,...

BACKGROUND Reproductive health needs are particularly acute in countries affected by armed conflict. Reliable information on aid investment for reproductive health in these countries is essential for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of aid. The purpose of this study was to analyse official development assistance (ODA) for reproductive health activities in conflict-affected countries f...

Aid workers have no doubts about the impact of armed conflict on the death and suffering of mothers and children. To prove that trading in arms makes a major contribution to poor health is challenging, because it coexists in poor countries with massive debt, corrupt bureaucracies, and natural disasters. We report on the devastating effects of legal and illegal weapons exported into poor countri...

BACKGROUND The public health significance of maternal mental health is well established. Armed conflicts expose populations to events that could have long-term negative consequences for mental health of pregnant women and their children. This study explores the prevalence and associated risk factors for psychological distress of women during pregnancy, including exposure to past conflict-relate...

Throughout history ways have been sought to limit the effects of war and protect civilians by regulating how wars are fought. Yet one need only look at the conflicts in Syria, the Central African Republic, South Sudan, Libya and Yemen to see the challenges these efforts continue to face. Conflicts such as these – and the loss of life, dignity and livelihoods that they cause – compel us to ask w...

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1750 I. THE MODEL: “WORLD POLITY” INSTITUTIONALISM AND THE STATE............. 1753 A. Understanding Social Organization: Sociological Institutionalism .......................................................................... 1754 B. Understanding the State as a Social Organization: ...