the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

 Introduction: The employment problem and the manpower in general, is a matter of great importance in economic issues. In the economy of Iran, employment is one of the main concerns of the economic policy makers. The analysis of the employment situations and its structure all over the country requires at thorough knowledge of the capacities and potential power of the regions and its combinat...

Drought is one of the most costly natural hazards and is more dangerous in arid and semiarid regions which suffer from limited water resources. Climate change can also affect drought intensity; therefore, it is essential to analyze the trends of drought, particularly in these regions. This study surveyed the trends of meteorological and agricultural drought in hyper-arid, arid and semiarid regi...

چکیده نمایشگاه های جهانی یا اکسپو عنوانی ست که از سال 1851 میلادی در لندن توسط همسر ملکه انگلستان شکل گرفت ، هدف اولیه این نمایشگاه ها نمایش دستاورد های صنعتی بود، اما در طول 165 سال که این نمایشگاه های برگزار گردیدند ، رویکرد آنها تغییر کرده است . در هر دوره به یک شعار که در واقع دغدغه اصلی جهان، در آن زمان بوده است ، پاسخ داده شده و راه حل کشور های مختلف در مورد آن موضوع به نمایش گذارده شد...

  The production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the effects of drought stress on plants. In order to combat with them, enzymatic antioxidant is presented in plant cells. In this study, the ability of adaptation of three native rangelands species (Taverniera cunifolia, Lycium shawii and Rhazya stricta) with multiple capabilities such as soil conservation, medicinal and orna...

this study aimed to investigate the effects of listening strategy training on iranian efl learners listening comprehension and use of such strategies. this work, employing an experimental methodology, was conducted among 60 adult efl learners from a language institute in isfahan, iran, as participants. the participants, who were selected based on the results of a placement test, were assigned t...

abstract this study tried to investigate whether there was any significant relationship between technical translation quality of the senior english translation students and their levels of verbal-linguistic, visual-spatial and interpersonal intelligences. in order to investigate the research questions, the researcher selected a hundred senior english translation students from three universitie...