The large gap between the availability and requirements of animal feeds necessitated the exploration of alternate unconventional feeds for their use in livestock rations. Pongamia pinnata Pierre (Hindi — Karanj) seed cake is available in large quantity, i.e. 80 thousand tonnes/annum in India and it contains about 300g crude protein/ kg. However, raw karanj cake (KC) is not commonly used as a fe...

Pasteurized shell eggs are eggs that have been thermally treated to eliminate harmful bacteria, however the treatment may also denature some of the egg white proteins. In this study the degree of denaturation and functional properties (emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties) of egg white obtained from pasteurized eggs (EWP) were compared with those of unpasteurized eggs (EWUP). Data from ...

Fifteen different vegetable protein sources found in Pakistan were evaluated for ruminal degradability characteristics through in situ procedure using rumen fistulated Nili-Ravi buffalo steer. Samples of soybean meal, corn gluten meal 60%, maize gluten feed, guar meal, sunflower meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed cake, canola meal, cottonseed cake, cottonseed meal, coconut cake, coconut meal, palm k...

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has been the consolidator for many ideas regarding the evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW), including the promotion of the so-called “Semantic Layer Cake” model for the development of the semantic web. The semantic layer cake provides a framework to discuss a variety of approaches to an integrated view of the meta-data that will support a broad range of mac...

Use and management of jatropha residue is currently an important global issue for attaining sustainability in biofuel production from Jatropha curcas on wastelands. Perhaps, knowledge about the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release pattern from jatropha residues amended soils are lacking. Thus, the objective of present research was to characterize the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mi...

This study aimed to investigate the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus on rice cake and to determine the shelf life based on the probability model of the increase in S. aureus contamination on rice cake. Secondary models were developed based on the growth parameters derived from the Baranyi model at constant temperatures (15, 25, 35, and 45°C). External validation was then conducted using...

Magnetic separation is a very old separation technology, which is mainly used, in the mineral industry. In these applications, the magnetic force is applied to separate magnetic from non-magnetic materials. The separation efficiency strongly depends on the magnetic properties of the materials as well as the particle sizes. This paper introduces a totally new magnetic separation process, which c...

Two group of kids (“Safflower cake” and “Control”) were fed ad libitum with pelleted total mixed rations. After a 7-days adaptation period, the diet of the “Safflower cake” group were supplemented with 20% of safflower cake. The kids were slaughtered at 96 days of age. Dietary safflower cake did not affect the growth traits of kids. In addition, kids fed experimental diet showed a lower feed in...

approved: ____________________________________________________________ Adam Z. Higgins Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, has shown great promise in addressing many of the logistical challenges of storing and preserving red blood cells (RBCs). A crucial part of any future RBC lyophilization protocol is the primary drying temperature, which affects the sample drying rate and the dried cake’s abil...

Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product ca...