The Archimedean components of triangular norms (which turn the closed unit interval into an abelian, totally ordered semigroup with neutral element 1) are studied, in particular their extension to triangular norms, and some construction methods for Archimedean components are given. The triangular norms which are uniquely determined by their Archimedean components are characterized. Using ordina...

Remark. The non-archimedean topology: Recall that if K is a field with a val­ uation | |, then it also is a metric space with d(x, y) = |x − y|. The topology has a basis of open neighborhoods given by B(x, ǫ) = {y ∈ K | |x − y| < ǫ}. If the valuation is nonarchimedean, then this metric space or topology is rather bizarre. For instance, the open balls don’t have a unique center: in fact, if we t...

For a point O on the segment AB in the plane, the area surrounded by the three semicircles with diameters AO, BO and AB erected on the same side is called an arbelos. It has lots of unexpected but interesting properties (for an extensive reference see [1]). The radical axis of the inner semicircles divides the arbelos into two curvilinear triangles with congruent incircles called the twin circl...

in the present paper, we give a new approach to caristi's fixed pointtheorem on non-archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. for this we define anordinary metric $d$ using the non-archimedean fuzzy metric $m$ on a nonemptyset $x$ and we establish some relationship between $(x,d)$ and $(x,m,ast )$%. hence, we prove our result by considering the original caristi's fixedpoint theorem.

Let K be a non-archimedean field with residue field k, and suppose that k is not an algebraic extension of a finite field. We prove two results concerning wandering domains of rational functions φ ∈ K(z) and Rivera-Letelier’s notion of nontrivial reduction. First, if φ has nontrivial reduction, then assuming some simple hypotheses, we show that the Fatou set of φ has wandering components by any...

In Arakelov theory a completion of an arithmetic surface is achieved by enlarging the group of divisors by formal linear combinations of the “closed fibers at infinity”. Manin described the dual graph of any such closed fiber in terms of an infinite tangle of bounded geodesics in a hyperbolic handlebody endowed with a Schottky uniformization. In this paper we consider arithmetic surfaces over t...

Following the study of sharp domination in effect algebras, in particular, in atomic Archimedean MV-effect algebras it is proved that if an atomic MV-effect algebra is uniformly Archimedean then it is sharply dominating.