Archeology has an important place in ancient history research. This discipline sheds light on researchers, especially to illuminate the periods when there was no writing. Ancient also assists archeology providing resources. Continuing research with support of paves way for accurate knowledge. Each new finding archaeological excavations allows knowing human and transfer this information future g...

Specimens of early computer systems stop working every day. It is necessary to prepare ourselves for the upcoming situation of having storage media and no working systems to read data from these carriers. With storage media residing in archives for already obsolete systems it is necessary to extract the data from these media before it can be migrated for long term preservation. One storage medi...

US defense sponsored the DES program in 1971 and released it on 1977. It remained as a well-known and well-accepted defacto standard of block ciphers until 1998. Thirty-two 4-bit DES S-Boxes are grouped in eight each having four and are put in public domain without any mention of their design methodology. Due to this discovery of substitution Boxes, SBoxes, 4-bit, 8-bit or 32-bit, find a perman...

The search for novel approaches to establishing ecological baselines (reference conditions) is constrained by the fact that most ecological studies span the past few decades, at most, and investigate ecosystems that have been substantially altered by human activities for decades, centuries, or more. Paleobiology, archeology, and history provide historical ecological context for biological conse...