V/Sc systematics in peridotites, mid-ocean ridge basalts and arc basalts are investigated to constrain the variation of fO2 in the asthenospheric mantle. V/Sc ratios are used here to ‘ see through’ those processes that can modify barometric fO2 determinations in mantle rocks and/or magmas: early fractional crystallization, degassing, crustal assimilation and mantle metasomatism. Melting models ...

Sputtering is an important physical vapor deposition (PVD) method in the manufacture of many products. However, sputtering processes are prone to arcing, which can cause damage to the work piece. Therefore, arcs must be detected and extinguished in a timely manner to minimize damage. Instantaneous arc rate and total arcs per process step are useful data for assessing PVD chamber health, and det...

By a generalized arc we mean a continuum with exactly two non-separating points; an arc is a metrizable generalized arc. It is well known that any two arcs are homeomorphic (to the real closed unit interval); we show that any two generalized arcs are co-elementarily equivalent, and that co-elementary images of generalized arcs are generalized arcs. We also show that if f : X → Y is a function b...

In two-dimensional Euclidean space, we examine behaviour of an arc when it crosses a vertical line. There are three types when an arc enters into a line, which are: “Left-In”, “Right-In” and “Oscillating-In”. Also, there are three types when an arc goes out from a line, which are: “Left-Out”, “Right-Out” and “Oscillating-Out”. If an arc is a special polygonal arc, there are only two types for e...

After considering some problems facing exiting versions of consequentialism, I present the schematic outline of an alternative version of consequentialism, which I call Actual Rule Consequentialism (ARC). I then consider three ways in which one might attempt to ground ARC by deriving it from some more fundamental principle. The first attempt is to derive ARC from a principle of fairness, the se...

The mathematical interpretation of an electric arc is practically very difficult by virtue of its extremely accidental character. But on the other side, the mathematical formulation course of the electric arc is possible with transfer to the area of the mathematical modeling for specific conditions. Limits of influences of the electric arc are possible to determine with using results from mathe...

Most large distributed systems, such as embedded systems, systems on chip, Local Area Networks or sensor networks are meant to function under hard safety constraints. One may distinguish two main classes of constraints. The first set of constraints concerns the functional behavior of the system. The techniques used to make sure that the behavior of the system is correct range from formal proof ...

Egr1, a member of the Egr family of transcription factors, and Arc are immediate early genes known to play major roles in synaptic plasticity and memory. Despite evidence that Egr family members can control Arc transcriptional regulation, demonstration of a selective role of Egr1 alone is lacking. We investigated the extent to which activity-dependent Arc expression is dependent on Egr1 by anal...

We have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at P 5-6 (overlying median nerves) activates arcuate (ARC) neurons, which excite the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and inhibit cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM). To investigate whether the ARC inhibits rVLM activity directly or indirectly, we stimulated the splanchnic nerve to activate rVL...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a genetic disorder characterized by tissue-specific tumors in the endocrine pancreas, parathyroid, and pituitary glands. Although tumor development in these tissues is dependent upon genetic inactivation of the tumor suppressor Men1, loss of both alleles of this gene is not sufficient to induce these cancers. Men1 encodes menin, a nuclear protein th...