Sea urchins have an innate immune response that functions in the absence of adaptive capabilities. It is mediated, in part, by components of the complement system, an important subsystem of the innate response in mammals. A homologue of complement C3, SpC3, has been identified in adult Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and is expressed in coelomocytes. In this study, transcript levels from the gene...

Vibrio vulnificus is a motile, gram-negative, halophilic, aquatic bacterium that part of the normal estuarine microbiome and typically found in warm coastal waters. Infection with pathogen due to consumption contaminated seafood or exposure seawater. has mortality rate almost 33% United States responsible for more than 95% seafood-related deaths States. can cause vast spectrum diseases, such as...

The rapidly expanding scale of aquaculture has resulted in frequent pathogen outbreaks. Herein we review and discuss the application aptamers biosecurity, including their use development rapid diagnostic assays effective therapeutic agents against pathogens. First, describe examples aquatic pathogens, bacteria, viruses, algal toxins. Aptamers are “artificial antibodies” that can recognize targe...

Protein secretion is a universal process of fundamental importance for various aspects of cell physiology including the infection of a host organism by a bacterial pathogen. Many Gram-negative pathogens export virulence-associated proteins across one or two cell membranes to their place of action using a wide plethora of secretory pathways with the objective of infecting the host. For Legionell...

Nowadays, fish production through aquaculture and wild capture is escalating due to the higher protein demand for human consumption. Thus, needs products be improved in scale quality are becoming increasingly important meet nutrition requirements. The negative impacts caused by pathogens infection both hatchery grow-out ponds, have resulted low productivity economic losses farmers. Therefore, a...

Mass mortalities of oysters during the summer have been reported for years. Among biological factors causing oyster death in summer, Vibrio infection is considered to be most important factor. alginolyticus one main pathogens diseases. V. can cause disease and fish, shrimp, shellfish, other aquatic products. Human with also skin infections, external ear canal Hemocytes blood Crassostrea gigas r...

Abstract The emotion disgust motivates the avoidance of pathogens and contaminants. Individuals differ in their tendency to experience this is referred as pathogen sensitivity. Yet, it remains unclear which differences psychological processes are captured by We tested two hypotheses about how information processing structure underlying might give rise individual Participants ( n = 998) rated pe...

Storm water and agricultural runoff frequently contain agrochemicals, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and zoonotic pathogens. Entry of such contaminants into aquatic ecosystems may affect ecology and human health. This study tested the hypothesis that the herbicide atrazine and the fungicide chlorothalonil indirectly affect the survival of FIB (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) and a ...

Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), an emerging human pathogen harbored by aquatic insects, is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a devastating skin disease rife throughout Central and West Africa. Mycolactone, an unusual macrolide with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties, is responsible for the massive s.c. tissue destruction seen in Buruli ulcer. Here, we show that MU contains a 174-kb plas...