In a 1976 lecture entitled “Life at low Reynolds Number,” Edward Purcell examined constraints on mobility of small aquatic animals defining the energetic challenge as “to move far enough to beat diffusion.” We show that essential requirement is need do sufficient work overcome activation energy viscous flow. Raman spectroscopy shows sea water dominated (78–85%) by hydrogen bonded forms, primari...

in this research, different concentrations of xanthan and lepidium perfoliatum seed gums (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%) were used to improve the quality and shelf-life of chiffon cake. for this purpose, specific gravity and apparent viscosity of batter, and the volume, specific volume, moisture, sensory and texture properties, crumb and crust color were examined. to investigate the effect of gums on the s...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound and drying pretreatments on apparent density as well as modeling apparent density during deep-fat frying of potato slices. ultrasound pretreatment was performed at 28 and 40 khz for 15 min and drying pretreatment were conducted at 80°c for 8 and 15 min. then, the frying process was done at 150, 170 and 190°c for 60, 120, 180 and ...

drying foodstuffs can have negative effects on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the products, including porosity and bulk density. therefore, novel technologies can be used to improve these characteristics. in this study, apparent density changes during drying grapes pretreated with ultrasound for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, and carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) at three concentrations of...

Pharmacokinetics of the investigational cephalosporin ceftriaxone were studied after 30-min intravenous infusions of three ascending single doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g crossed over in 12 normal subjects. Serially collected plasma and urine samples were analyzed for ceftriaxone by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration-time profiles were characterized by a linear two-compartme...