The role of Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) is investigated when applied in-situ during different stages evolution an iron carbonate (FeCO3) corrosion product on X65 carbon steel surfaces in a CO2 environment. We show that PAH adsorbs onto both FeCO3 and the bare surface, producing FeCO3-PAH hybrid structure reduces localised general corrosion. thickness mechanical properties naturally fo...

There are three forces acting on the valve plate: the force of the escaping air Fv, the force of the steel spring Fs and the pneumatic damping force due to the pressure of the air in the dashpot Fd. Each of these forces varies with distance x. These interact with the valve mass and the pipeline dynamics to produce instability. Perturbations in the pressure travel along the pipe at the sonic vel...

This study employs potential-monitoring techniques, cyclic voltammetry tests, alternating current (AC) voltammetry methods, and surface characterization to investigate the AC corrosion of cathodically protected X80 pipeline steel. In a non-passive neutral solution at pH 7.2, a sufficiently negative potential completely protects steel at an AC current density of 100 A/m². In an alkaline solution...

There has been a huge expansion in the laying of pipelines for the transmission of fossil fuels over large distances and in dire environments. One particular problem associated with the steels used to fabricate the pipes is that of the anisotropy of mechanical properties, especially the toughness. This review represents an attempt to critically assess the steels and the orientation dependence o...

In this article, we present the blue-c application programming interface (API) and discuss some of its performance characteristics. The blue-c API is a software toolkit for media-rich, collaborative, immersive virtual reality applications. It provides easy to use interfaces to all blue-c technology, including immersive projection, live 3D video acquisition and streaming, audio, tracking, and ge...

The molecular characteristics of a TOFA/DETA based imidazoline inhibitor were evaluated by analysing the protonation profile, CMC and micelle size rate acid-catalysed hydrolysis to improve understanding corrosion inhibition performance main component its products. ability products in retarding both uniform localized assessed compared on wet-ground X65 carbon steel at 80 °C CO2 saturated 3 wt % ...