OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with prevalent HIV in a national HIV survey in Kenya. METHODS The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey was a nationally representative population-based sero-survey that examined demographic and behavioral factors and serologic testing for HIV, HSV-2 and syphilis in adults aged 15-64 years. We analyzed questionnaire and blood testing data to identify significant...

Background: The health of people who use drugs (PWUD) is characterized by multimorbidity and chronicity of health conditions, necessitating an understanding of their health care utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions among a cohort of PWUD. Methods: We used a retrospective observational design between 2012 and 2013. The ...

CONTEXT From 1981 to 2001, 46 000 refugees who fled the 36-year civil conflict in Guatemala for Chiapas, Mexico were under the protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of mental illness and factors associated with poor mental health of underserved Guatemalan refugee communities located in Chiapas, Mexico, since 1981 and to assess n...

BACKGROUND Little information exists on malaria burden, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) use, and malaria care provided to infants under six months of age. The perception that malaria may be rare in this age group has led to lack of clinical trials and evidence-based treatment guidelines. The objective of this study was to identify malaria parasitemia positivity rate (MPPR) among pat...

BACKGROUND The health of people who use drugs (PWUD) is characterized by multimorbidity and chronicity of health conditions, necessitating an understanding of their health care utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions among a cohort of PWUD. METHODS We used a retrospective observational design between 2012 and 2013. The ...

Background Cervical cancer incidence and mortality are high in Africa. We assessed cervical screening awareness two West African countries. Methods used data from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Benin (2017-2018) Cameroon (2018). Women (n=21322) aged 15-49 were interviewed on of screening. Descriptive statistics logistic regression analysis employed. Results Awareness was low among women (...

The likelihood of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to vary across sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and the type of smoking restrictions at work. Women may be particularly at risk. The purpose of our study was to assess differences in the likelihood of exposure to ETS at home and at work among an ethnically diverse sample of women age 40 and older i...

INTRODUCTION A recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) that can distinguish recent from long-standing HIV infection can be applied to nationally representative population-based surveys to characterize and identify risk factors for recent infection in a country. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied a RITA using the Limiting Antigen Avidity Enzyme Immunoassay (LAg) on stored HIV-positive samples ...

BACKGROUND Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of non-communicable diseases. Previous studies gave due emphasis only for cigarette smoking with little attention given for other types of tobacco use. This study describes the prevalence of all common forms of tobacco use and identify associated factors among adults in Ethiopia. METHODS The study used data from the 2011 Ethiopian de...