The Water Framework Directive requires the assessment of the ecological status of transitional waters considering the fish component. An original methodology, based on a pressure-impact approach, was established to develop a multimetric fish-based index to characterize the ecological quality of French estuaries. An index of contamination, based on the chemical pollution affecting aquatic system...

the aim of this research was to measure the relative efficiency of forest management plans in north of iran. in order to fulfill the research, data of 12 forest management plans were collected from the financial balance sheets of shafaroud forest company during a ten years period. first of all, basic data envelopment analysis (dea) models (bcc and ccr) were used to determine the efficiency. the...

a confounder is a variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results do not reflect the actual relationship. there are various ways to exclude or control confounding variables including randomization, restriction and matching. but all these methods are applicable at the time of study design. when experimental designs are premature, impractical, or impossible, resear...

the motivation for this work is to propose a first thorough review of dough rheological models used in numerical applications. although many models have been developed to describe dough rheological characteristics, few of them are employed by researchers in numerical applications. this article reviews them in detail and attempts to provide new insight into the use of dough rheological models.

A coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) is integrated to a near-equilibrium state with the normal, half-normal, and twice-normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Most of the ocean below the surface layers achieves 70% of the total response almost twice as fast when the changes in radiative forcing are cooling as compared to the case when they are warming the cli...