Atypical mycobacterial infection is seldom accompanied by pleural involvement. We report a very rare case of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pleuritis with massive pleural effusion. The patient was a non-immunocompromised 35-year-old Japanese male with insidious onset of fever, chest pain and anorexia. The pleural effusion gradually resolved with empirical antimycobacterial treatment, leavin...

An extract of an unidentified green filamentous fungus isolated as an endophyte of the Canadian medicinal plant Geum macrophyllum exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity and a distinct 1H NMR profile. Bioassay guided fractionation indicated that the natural product phomopsolide A (1) was responsible for the distinguishing characteristics of the extract.

Two new sulfur-containing compounds, trans-3-methylsulfonyl-2-propenol (1) and trans-3-methylsulfinyl-2-propenol (2) were isolated together with trans-3-methylthioacrylamide (3), entadamide A (4) and entadamide C (5) from the leaves of Clinacanthus siamensis. The structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data. The compounds were tested for antimalarial and antimycobacterial ...

Translocase I inhibitor compounds derived from capuramycin demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity against several different mycobacterial species. SQ641 was the most active of the compounds, with a MIC of 0.12 to 8 microg/ml, a postantibiotic effect of 55 h, and interesting synergistic effects with other antitubercular drugs.

Heptane-extractable fractions (HEF) prepared from immune-activated macrophages (IA-M) of tubercle bacilli or bovine gamma globulin-sensitized and -challenged guinea pigs inhibited the growth of tubercle bacilli whereas HEF of normal macrophages exerted no antibacterial activity. In distinction to the strong antibacterial activity of HEF of IA-M, HEF of immune macrophages exerted weak or no anti...

Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the major causes of bacterial infections and mortality in the world. In 1944, streptomycin was introduced as a first antibiotic remedy to cure TB effectively. After that, in the 1940s and 50s, with the introduction of pyrazinamide (PZA), rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol and streptomycin as well as cocktail-drug treatment of tuberculosis, a cure for...

Mycobacterium triplex, a recently described, potentially pathogenic species, caused disease primarily in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of pulmonary infection due to this mycobacterium in an immunocompetent patient and review the characteristics of two other cases. In our experience, Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary infection is unresponsive to antimycobacterial chemotherapy.

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has antimycobacterial properties. We tested the hypothesis that exogenous (inhaled) NO can be safely delivered and can accelerate airway disinfection for pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with standard therapy. Exogenous NO administered at 80 ppm for 72 h can be safely delivered but does not accelerate airway disinfection.

In 50 healthy Peruvian shantytown residents, zinc cream applied to tuberculosis skin-test sites caused a 32% increase in induration compared with placebo cream. Persons with lower plasma zinc had smaller skin-test reactions and greater augmentation with zinc cream. Zinc deficiency caused false-negative skin-test results, and topical zinc supplementation augmented antimycobacterial immune respon...

Colonic strictures are very common and are a frequent finding on double contrast barium examination; they very often reflect the presence of malignancy, diverticular disease, ischaemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and rarely mycobacterial disease. A case of mycobacterial disease mimicking malignancy is presented; this was due to a rare mycobacterial subtype and there was complete resolution of ...