BACKGROUND Enterobacter cloacae is a major nosocomial pathogen causing bloodstream infections. We retrospectively conducted a study to assess antimicrobial susceptibility and phylogenetic relationships of E. cloacae bloodstream isolates in two tertiary university-affiliated hospitals in Shanghai, in order to facilitate managements of E. cloacae bloodstream infections and highlight some unknowns...

OBJECTIVES Rapid diagnosis and appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy before the availability of conventional microbiological results is of pivotal importance for the clinical outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). We evaluated the VAPChip, a novel, closed cartridge molecular tool aiming to identify directly from clinical samples and within a working day the principal bacteria c...

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections are of particular concern within medical treatment facilities, yet the gene assemblages that give rise to this phenotype remain poorly characterized. In this study, we tested 97 clinical A. baumannii isolates collected from military treatment facilities (MTFs) from 2003 to 2009 by using a molecular epidemiological approach that enable...

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in both human and veterinary medicine. This study investigated the proportion of antimicrobial resistant samples and resistance patterns of Staphylococcus isolates from cats presented at a veterinary teaching hospital in South Africa. Records of 216 samples from cats that were submitted to the bacteriology laboratory of the ...

Five hundred and sixty Salmonella isolates belonging to 42 serovars were tested for antimicrobial resistance with ATBVET. The strains were collected from poultry, pigs, animal feed, and several other sources during two-year period (2000-2001). The survey showed the recent trends in Salmonella antimicrobial resistance. A frequency of the isolation of resistant strains has been increasing. A high...

The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance trends of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs) in Crete, Greece, over a 4-year period (2009-2012). A total of 588 community-acquired respiratory pathogens were isolated during the study period. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common organis...

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become a public health threat due to resistance multiple antibiotics. The production of β-lactamase is the most important mechanism Enterobacteriaceae. Although isolates producing KPC-2 or NDM-1 enzymes have been reported widely, co-producing KPC-2, NDM-1, TEM-1, TEM-95, SHV-66, and other β-lactamases rarely detected in same strain, ...

Bacterial signaling systems such as protein kinases and quorum sensing have become increasingly attractive targets for the development of novel antimicrobial agents in a time of rising antibiotic resistance. The family of bacterial Penicillin-binding-protein And Serine/Threonine kinase-Associated (PASTA) kinases is of particular interest due to the role of these kinases in regulating resistance...

The alarming spread of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics has warranted the study of alternative antimicrobial agents. Quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical cell-to-cell communication mechanism utilized by bacteria to coordinate group behaviors and establish infections. QS is integral to bacterial survival, and therefore provides a unique target for antimicrobial therapy. In this study...

Carbapenem resistance caused by metallo-β-lactamases is a serious global challenge that, if not tackled efficiently, expected to lead millions of deaths in the coming decades. Verona-integron encoded metallo-β-lactamase 2 (VIM-2) bacterial enzyme that has been reported from multidrug-resistant nosocomial isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative pathogens. As it hydrolyzes most β-...