background: helicobacter pylori is the cause of serious diseases including gastric cancer and gastric mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.50% of world population is infected by this microorganism and it -based on epidemiologic studies - is mainly acquired during childhood . there is not enough evidence about prevalence of this infection in children and its risk factors so encourage us to...

Skin is a unique target for vaccination. Targeting keratinocytes to produce proinflammatory mediators improve immunity rational approach vaccine design. Keratinocytes genetically engineered overexpress the stress response related transcription factor x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) increased production of and co-delivered antigen. Keratinocyte-specific overexpression XBP1 through cutaneous genet...

human visceral and ocular toxocariasis can occasionally be a serious or life-threatening condition, especially for children. the diagnosis and confirmation of the disease mostly based upon serological tests. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate somatic antigen with regard to its application in a routine diagnostic laboratory test. using gel-filtration chromatography, fraction no.1 o...

Background: The advent of recombinant DNA technology has facilitated heterologous expression of proteins from various sources in different host systems including Escherichia coli. If a plant virus coat protein is expressed in the bacterium it can be used as the antigen for antibody preparation. Such a recombinant antigen preparation can be particularly useful where equipment such as ultracentri...

Background: The affinity of an antibody to its antigen is a crucial parameter in its biological activity and performance of an immunoassay such as ELISA. Affinity of most IgG specific MAbs are often determined by methods which require labeling of either antigen or antibody, and are sometimes difficult to control, do not always lead to the expected signal and often result in immunological modifi...

Abstract Atypical B cells are generated during a normal adaptive immune response, yet the role of these in protective immunity is still largely unknown. Here, we used chronic Plasmodium falciparum exposure as model to gain insight into function and potential heterogeneity atypical response infection. To this end, performed single-cell sequencing on circulating from malaria-experienced individua...

BACKGROUNDS: Diseases affecting the respiratory tract of sheep and goats are one of the most important factors which limit production of these species on a world-wide basis. OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this study was to determine Adenovirus (AdV) antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue of pneumonic goats, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining method. METHODS: For this purpo...

Introduction: Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of death worldwide. This has driven scientists to invest in extraction and identification of antimicrobial agents from natural toxins and presentation of novel antibiotics and vaccines. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxicity effects of the protective antigen domain 4 (PAD4) from Bacillus anth...

Background: Aberrant expression of cross-lineage antigens gives valuable insight into the diagnosis and prognosis of acute leukemia. In countries like India, cytogenetic tests are widely accessible. Exploring the prognostic value of an accessible test is of great importance. Therefore, establishing a population-specific immunophenotype database will enable to design an antibody panel equipped t...

A murine IgM monoclonal antibody (MA-2C6) with κ-light chains directed against an antigenic determinant of outer surface protein A (OspA) of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borreliaburgdorferi, is produced. This antibody could bind specifically to OspA antigen of several isolates of B. burgdorferi, but not to the non-Lyme disease bacteria such as T. pallidum and B. hermsii. Antibody MA-2C6 was pur...