BACKGROUND Compared to food patterns, nutrient patterns have been rarely used particularly at international level. We studied, in the context of a multi-center study with heterogeneous data, the methodological challenges regarding pattern analyses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified nutrient patterns from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in the European Prospective Investigation ...

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem which influences about 170 million people worldwide. Different types of vaccines have been designed using HCV structural proteins to control the viral infection. The core nucleocapsid protein is one of the most conserved proteins and a desirable target for HCV vaccines, especially the protein-based vaccines. In cur...

Plants have evolved a sophisticated mechanism to sense the extracellular sulfur (S) status so that sulfate transport and S assimilation/metabolism can be coordinated. Genetic, biochemical, and molecular studies in Arabidopsis over the past 10 years have started to shed some light on the regulatory mechanism of the S response. Key advances in transcriptional regulation (SLIM1, MYB, and miR395), ...

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) is a novel fish feed ingredient with high crude protein content (~40% dry matter, DM). However, BSFLM also contains chitin, which might impair nutrient digestibility. To investigate the effect of chitin on digestibility and chitinase activity in fish, different contents were tested as ingredients for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ...

Spores of Bacillus species can remain in their dormant and resistant states for years, but exposure to agents such as specific nutrients can cause spores' return to life within minutes in the process of germination. This process requires a number of spore-specific proteins, most of which are in or associated with the inner spore membrane (IM). These proteins include the (i) germinant receptors ...

Although all cells depend upon nutrients they acquire from the extracellular space, surprisingly little is known about how nutrient uptake is regulated in mammalian cells. Most nutrients are brought into cells by means of specific transporter proteins. In yeast, the expression and trafficking of a wide variety of nutrient transporters is controlled by the TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase. Consi...

Advocacy on the utilization of locally grown crops keeps increasing. This study was however carried out to evaluate qualities extruded snacks from blends yellow cassava and sesame seeds flour. The fleshed roots (germinated fermented) were dried, milled sieved prior further analysis. Flour each processed seed blended with flour at substitution levels 0, 15 30%. Functional anti-nutritional analys...

Epithelial cells line virtually every organ cavity in the body and are important for vectorial transport through epithelial monolayers such as nutrient uptake or waste product excretion. Central to these tasks is the establishment of epithelial cell polarity. During organ development, epithelial cells set up two biochemically distinct plasma membrane domains, the apical and the basolateral doma...