D iabetic neuropathies are a group of clinical syndromes that affect distinct regions of the nervous system, singly or combined, and markedly affect quality of life (1) and activities of daily living and increase morbidity and mortality (2). Therapy directed at the basic pathogenesis is sorely needed. Neurologic complications occur equally in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and additionally in vario...

background: invariant natural killer cells (inkt) are an important immunoregulatory t cell subset. currently several flow cytometry-based approaches exist for the identifi-cation of inkt cells, which rely on using the 6b11 monoclonal antibody or a combina-tion of anti-vα24 and anti-vβ11 antibodies. objective: the aim of this study was to compare the ability of two flow cytometry-based methods f...

antibodies directed against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) are believed to be the main cause of destruction of pancreatic islet cells in type i (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. the enzyme was found both in the brain and pancreatic beta cells. although similarities in identity of gad in human and rat brain have been demonstrated, little is known about the interaction between ...

This study explores the methodology of various experimental vaccines and their immunogenicity outcome in detail. The idea is to give to the reader a picture of the research methodology behind vaccine development that was used in this research. The novelty of this study bases on the demonstration of the cause and effect of antibodies produced against bacterial and viral proteins (immunogens) as ...

it has been also reported that that h. pylori infection may be responsible for some endocrine disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus and primary hyperparathyroidism. h. pylori which express cytotoxin-associated gene a (caga) may be more virulent than those that do not. the aim was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-h. pylori igg and anti-caga  antibodies in patien...

mumps infection is endemic in iran. our objective was to evaluate the presence of anti mumps antibodies ( igm & igg) in cerebrospinal fluid in mumps meningoencephalitic children. a prospective/cross-sectional study was performed in tehran, iran (2003 to 2004) and serum anti mumps antibodies (igm) were detected (quantitive; elisa) in meningoencephaltis patients. specific anti mumps antibodies (i...

Considering the different clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis in Iran, and the wide distribution of its agent and the little information in this regard, this study was performed to characterize the responsible variants using monoclonal antibodies. A total of 156 isolates of Leishmania from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and one isolate from rat were characterized using the standard monoc...

background: the use of igys in a variety of methods in different areas of research, diagnostics, medical application and biotechnology should be considered widely. objectives: development of antibodies against extra cellular domain of influenza m2 (m2e) protein in egg yolk of laying hens. methods: a fusion construct harboring c-terminal of bovine heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and influenza m2e ...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known to express the HuD protein, the neuronal antigen homologous to Drosophila Elav and Sxl genes involved in neuronal and sex development. HuD is the target of an immune response including high titered antibodies causing paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and sensory neuropathy. Because the p53 recessive oncogene is mutated and anti-p53 antibodies frequently occ...

Disease progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Lyme/tick-borne diseases can be better understood by greater attention to psychoimmunology. Although there are multiple contributors that provoke and weaken the immune system, infections and persistent infections are significant causes of pathological immune reactions. Immune mediated ef-fects are a significant contributor to the pathophysiolo...