El angiomiolipoma es un tumor renal benigno relativamente infrecuente, con incidencia aumentada en pacientes con esclerosis tuberosa. Éste es un desorden autosómico dominante, caracterizado por lesiones hamartomatosas en múltiples órganos y frecuentemente afectando el riñón. El estado de gravidez es una condición que puede agudizar la sintomatología ante tumores renales previamente silentes, po...

We present an empirical analysis of a supply function equilibrium model in the Texas spot electricity market. We derive conditions for optimal bidding behavior in a spot market with ex ante bilaterally contracted sales. By estimating costs, we are able to derive a set of ex post-and ex ante-optimal supply functions and use a non-parametric behavioral model to compare our theoretically optimal s...

Bank crises, by interrupting liquidity provision, have been viewed as resulting in welfare losses. In a model of banking with moral hazard, we show that second best bank contracts that improve on autarky ex ante require costly crises to occur with positive probability at the interim stage. When bank payoffs are partially appropriable, either directly via imposition of fines or indirectly by the...

Taxation and risk taking are examined in a general equilibrium mode/ that incorporates uncertain government revenue and allows the government to influence risk through portfolio investments as well as through tax r policy. It is demonstra ted that each of a wide range of taxes can be decomposed into some combina tion of a wage tax, an ex ante wealth tax, and a modification of the government’s i...

Noise issues are becoming a main concern in digital systems due to the aggressive scaling trends in devices and interconnections. To address this problem in this paper we present a new noisetolerant dynamic circuit technique suitable for pipelined dynamic digital circuits. Simulation results for CMOS AND gate show that the proposed technique has an improvement in the ANTE of 3.4 over convention...

This paper develops a positive model of informal justice in which rewards and punishments are not determined by an ex ante optimal contract but instead express the ex post moral sentiments of the arbitrating party. In our model, a third party arbitrator mediates a one-shot relationship between two players, one of whom can exert an externality on the other. Importantly, formal contracts are not ...

We consider a frictional market where buyers are uncoordinated and sellers cannot commit ex-ante to either a per-unit price or quantity of a divisible good. Sellers then can exploit their local monopoly power by adjusting prices or quantities once the local demand is realized. We find that when sellers can adjust quantities ex-post, there exists a unique symmetric equilibrium where the increase...

This paper analyses the extent of income inequality and opportunity inequality in 25 European countries. The present work contributes to understanding the origin of standard income inequality, helping to identify potential institutional setups that are associated to opportunity inequality. We distinguish between ex ante and ex post opportunity inequality. We find that ex ante equality of opport...

CASEREPORT. A previously healthy twenty-six year old woman presented to casualty about one hour after self injection with metallic mercury using her boyfriend's insulin syringe. The mercury had been taken from an old thermometer in an attempt at suicide following an argument. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day; there was no previous medical history. On examination there was some localised inflammat...

This paper develops a non-linear DSGE model to assess the interaction between ex-post interventions in credit markets and the build-up of risk ex ante. During a systemic crisis, bailouts to the financial sector relax balance sheet constraints and accelerate the economic recovery. Ex ante, the anticipation of such bailouts leads to an increase in risk-taking, making the economy more vulnerable t...