INTRODUCTION Adie's (tonic) pupil is a neuro-ophthalmological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil, which is unresponsive to light. It is caused by damage to postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic innervation of the eye, usually by a viral.or bacterial infection. Adie's syndrome includes diminished deep tendon reflexes. OUTLINE OF CASES We report data of a 59-year-old fem...

BACKGROUND Traumatic carotid artery dissections are very rare, often overlooked and life-threatening injuries. Diagnosis and treatment are difficult especially in multiple injured patients. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a 28-year-old female major trauma patient (injury severity score, ISS 50) who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. She was primarily transferred to a level II trauma cen...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com irritation was noted. Her hemoglobin level was low (10.6 g/ dL (normal range 12-14 g/dL)). Her electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. Her brain CT and diffusion MRI were both normal. She was monitored at postictal period at the emergency service. Phenytoin infusion was started at a loading dose of 20 mg/ kg to suppress seizure activity. As sh...

Introduction Horner’s syndrome is an interruption of the sympathetic nervous system at any point along its course between the hypothalamus and the orbit. Horner’s syndrome is classically presented as an ipsilateral miosis, subtle ptosis, and facial anhidrosis. Pharmacologic testing is very useful in the diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome as it could help to localize the lesioned neuron in the sympa...

Hemorrhagic complications of acute leukemia are well described and are a common cause of mortality in these patients. However, to our knowledge, fatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as an initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) has only been reported once. We report a case of previously undiagnosed ALL presenting with ICH. Our patient is a 17-year old male who was found unrespo...

AIMS To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine test in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis (OSP). METHOD Apraclonidine (0.5%) was administered to 31 eyes, nine with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS), 22 with bilateral OSP caused by diabetes, and to 54 control eyes. All were confirmed with the cocaine test. The effects on pupil diameter and upper eyelid level we...

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in the world today; millions of people the world over suffer from this disease. It is characterized by a disruption in glucose metabolism, resulting in short and long term complications that affect multiple organ systems, particularly the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications o...

OBJECTIVE To determine the location of action of apraclonidine, an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist that reduces aqueous production and lowers intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS The study cohort consisted of 6 patients with Horner syndrome (decreased or absent sympathetic innervation of 1 eye). We instilled 1% apraclonidine into the affected eye, and the changes in IOP and pupil diameter (P...

AIM Despite being a minimally invasive procedure, serious perioperative complications are reported during neuroendoscopy, largely generated by its unique surgical maneuvers. We report here the complications of elective neuroendoscopic surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus and other intraventricular pathology in 298 patients over a 7-year period at our institute. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ...