Abstract Following recent arguments that cultural practices in wild animal populations have important conservation implications, we argue recognizing captive animals as has welfare implications. Having a culture is of deep importance for animals, wherever they live. Without understanding the capacities will be left with deeply impoverished view what need to flourish. Best should therefore requi...

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microthreads on removal torque and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). METHODS Twelve miniature pigs for each experiment, a total of 24 animals, were used. In the removal torque analysis, each animal received 2 types of implants in each tibia, which were treated with sandblasting and acid etching but with or without microthreads at ...

trichomoniasis, a worldwide prevalent infection, is a perfect example of interplay between the infecting parasite and the host, on which the presentation of disease depends. to study the pathogenesis, animal model is required for establishment of infection. in this study, by using strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from vaginal swabs and/or urine samples and maintained in axenic form fro...

background: the incidence of animal bite is increasing in iran and there is lack of knowledge about animal bite in children. hence, the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of animal bite in children and also evaluate delayed time of post exposure prophylaxis(pep) in children. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 children cases of animal bites ...

Many angiosperms rely on vertebrates for seed dispersal via gut passage, an interaction that has been traditionally classified as a mutualism. The effectiveness (SDE) framework provides mechanistic approach to evaluate evolutionary and ecological characteristics of animal-mediated dispersal, by synthesising the quantity quality plant species receives from each its animal dispersers. However, ap...