INTRODUCTION  Endolaryngeal injection of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle is one of the methods for treatment of focal laryngeal dystonia. However, after treatment, there is variation in laryngeal configuration as well as the side effects reported by patients. As a consequence of the functional variability of results, it was hypothesized that botulinum toxin diffuses beyond t...

Trypan blue is a dye that has been widely used for selective staining of dead tissues or cells. Here, we show that the pore-forming toxin HlyII of Bacillus cereus allows trypan blue staining of macrophage cells, despite the cells remaining viable and metabolically active. These findings suggest that the dye enters viable cells through the pores. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration...

Preoperative localization is necessary prior to video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the detection of small or deeply located lung nodules. We compared the localization ability of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue (MLM) (0.6 mL, 1:5) to methylene blue (0.5 mL) in rabbit lungs. CT-guided percutaneous injections were performed in 21 subjects with MLM and methylene blue. We measured the...

PURPOSE To present the Löffler's alkaline methylene blue technique of staining eye discharges in eyes with anterior segment infections. METHOD The Löffler's alkaline methylene blue staining method is a simple staining technique that can be used to differentiate bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. It is a cationic dye that stains cells blue because the positively charged dye is attracted ...

The history of mast cell research begins with a name and a date. The name is that of Paul Ehrlich; the date is the 17 June 1878. That day, the 24-year-old medical student from Strehlen (Schlesien) presented his doctoral thesis at the Medical Faculty of Leipzig University. The title of his dissertation was ‘Contribution to the theory and practice of histological dyes’ (‘Beiträge zur Theorie und ...

Researchers in molecular biology spend a significant amount of time tending to the staining and destaining of electrophoresis gels. Here we describe a simple system, costing approximately $100 and taking approximately 1 h to assemble, that automates standard nucleic acid and protein gel staining protocols. Staining is done in a tray or, with DNA gels, in the electrophoresis chamber itself follo...

It has been reported that Shorr staining provides additional morphological information on the motility of spermatozoa in semen, by distinguishing between red and blue flagella. With our routine methods (involving mounting slides) we were unable to confirm these observations. The presence of both red- and blue-coloured sperm tails in Shorr-stained semen smears was apparent, however, if slides we...

The adsorbent for both cationic and anionic dye based on cellulose polyaniline was prepared. Cellulose purified from sugarcane bagasse through the removal of hemicellulose lignin. Aniline polymerized in emulsion state presence ammonium persulfate as an initiator. results Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation determination porosity confirm...

 Background: Candida species are among the most common causes of opportunistic fungal diseases. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is responsible for most infections. Having many strains, C. albicans is very polymorph. C. dubliniensis is very similar to albicans species both morphologically and physiologically. For an infection to occur, cell wall proteins play an important role as they en...

conjugation of monoclonal antibodies to super paramagnetic nanoparticles is an effective method for cancer diagnosis and treatment. in this study the humanized anti her2/neu monoclonal antibody- herceptin- was conjugated to super paramagnetic iron oxide (spio) nanoparticles using edc method. the concentration of the conjugated antibodies was measured by bradford assay. the antibody-nanoparticle...