A model of the design process is developed in two stages, corresponding to the task environment of design and the activity of posing and solving design problems. Use of the model with top-down and bottom-up disciplines is discussed. Ah example of the design of an object using a semi-'automated design system based on the model is presented. Several issues raised by the model's qualitative aspect...

Wimmelbild which means “teeming figure picture” is a popular genre of visual puzzles. Abundant masses of small figures are brought together in complex arrangements to make one scene in a Wimmelbild. It is picture hunt game. We discuss what type of computations/processes could possibly underlie the solution of the discovery of figures that are hidden due to a distractive influence of the context...

This paper presents an empirical study of the design, development, and initial use of a platform for patient-health provider communication in Norway. This is a bottom up initiative started in 2005 by a small project team within the IT department of a large hospital in Norway. The project team has managed to stay “under the radar” in order to survive in a quite dynamic environment characterized ...

The project described in this paper applies the principles of adaptivity to a “traditional” Call Center in order to support the Operator in the interaction with the Customer. The system uses the models of both the Customer and the Operator and builds up the stepwise answer through an adaptive workflow.

The categories named by spatial terms vary considerably across languages. It is often proposed that underlying this variation is a universal set of primitive spatial concepts that are combined differently in different languages. Despite the inherently cognitive assumptions of this proposal, such spatial primitives have generally been inferred in a top-down manner from linguistic data. Here we s...

While the generative view of language processing builds bigger units out of smaller ones by means of rewriting steps, the axiomatic view eliminates invalid linguistic structures out of a set of possible structures by means of wellformedness principles. We present a generator based on the axiomatic view and argue that when combined with a TAG-like grammar and a flat semantics, this axiomatic vie...

We introduce the bottom-up tree-to-graph transducer, which is very similar to the usual (total deterministic) bottom-up tree transducer except that it translates trees into hypergraphs rather than trees, using hypergraph substitution instead of tree substitution. If every output hypergraph of the transducer is a jungle, i.e., a hypergraph that can be unfolded into a tree, then the tree-to-graph...

Visual pop-out occurs when a unique visual target (e.g., a feature singleton) is present in a set of homogeneous distractors. However, the role of visual awareness in this process remains unclear. In the experiments reported here, we showed that even though subjects were not aware of a suppressed pop-out display, their subsequent performance on an orientationdiscrimination task was significantl...