INTRODUCTION Active commuting - walking and bicycling for travel to and/or from work or educational addresses - may facilitate daily, routine physical activity. Several studies have investigated the relationship between active commuting and commuting stress; however, there are no studies examining the relationship between solely bicycle commuting and perceived stress, or studies that account fo...

We interpret the complexes defining rack cohomology in terms of a certain differential graded bialgebra. This yields elementary algebraic proofs old and new structural results for this theory. For instance, we exhibit two explicit homotopies controlling structure defects on cochain level: one commutativity defect cup product, other "Zinbielity" dendriform structure. also show that, quandle, pro...

Proper bicycle fit is very important for cycling performance, efficiency, comfort and injury prevention. This is especially true in the case of children cyclists that do not have the necessary cycling experience, balance and the fully developed musculoskeletal system of the adults. Bicycle fit depends on both the design and dimensions of the bicycle as well as on the anthropometric dimensions o...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide information on the activities of police bicycle patrols. Design/methodology/approach – A participant/observation research design was used. A five-city, 32-shift study on the output of police bicycle patrols was conducted. Same and similar ride-alongs were conducted with bicycle and automobile patrols. All contacts (n 1⁄4 1,105) with the public w...

OBJECTIVE This paper examines the relationship between bicycle collisions and the amount of cycling at the local level. Most previous research has focused on national and city comparisons, little is known about differences within a city (the mesoscale). METHODS This study mainly used three types of data sets relating to bicycle collisions, use of bicycles and local neighbourhood characteristi...

OBJECTIVE Females are substantially less likely than males to cycle for transport in countries with low bicycle transport mode share. We investigated whether female commuter cyclists were more likely to use bicycle routes that provide separation from motor vehicle traffic. METHODS Census of cyclists observed at 15 locations (including off-road bicycle paths, on-road lanes and roads with no bi...