Small pelagic fish (SPF) are key organisms for the functioning of marine ecosystems. In recent decades, these species have undergone significant changes in biomass, growth and body condition Mediterranean Sea. Seasonal spatial information about biological ecological traits SPF their relationship with environmental variables is still missing. Here, we investigated along a latitudinal gradient No...

It is widely known that the abundance and distribution dynamics of populations small pelagic clupeid fish, such as sardines anchovies, are affected by large-scale climate variability, which may lead to changeovers new regimes pelagics. However, long-distance climatic oscillations, El Niño/La Niña Pacific Decadal Oscillation, have been little explored in Western Mediterranean Sea. We investigate...

Characterizing predator diets is essential to understanding food web dynamics. We investigated the dietary breadth and variation of California sea lion (CSL) Zalophus californianus at 3 Channel Islands from 1981-2015. Prey species were identified hard parts soft-tissue remains pyrosomes recovered fecal samples, revealing a diverse diet fish cephalopods. Percent frequency occurrence percent spli...

Teuri Island, Hokkaido in Japan is an important place for seabirds breeding. We measured the concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) and a metalloid (As) in rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) (n = 7), thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) (n = 2), spectacled guillemot (Cepphus carbo) (n = 6), slaty-backed gull (Larus schistisagus) (n = 15), jungle crow (Corvus macr...

Histology and fine structure of three anchovy outer retinae is investigated by light- and electron microscopy and computer aided topographic mapping. They all possess novel linear triple cones with two large lateral components and one small central component. Engraulis encrasicolus has a polycone-dominated retina with two triple-cone sectors, the retinae of Cetengraulis mysticetus and Anchovia ...

Identifying causal networks is important for effective policy and management recommendations on climate, epidemiology, financial regulation, and much else. We introduce a method, based on nonlinear state space reconstruction, that can distinguish causality from correlation. It extends to nonseparable weakly connected dynamic systems (cases not covered by the current Granger causality paradigm)....

Inadequate nutrient intakes are frequent among young children in low- and middle-income countries, causing prevalent micronutrient deficiencies. In Ghana, small smoked fish the most frequently consumed animal source foods, both whole different tissues of commonly used complementary foods. However, risks benefits associated with consumption has not been explored. Samples European anchovy (Engrau...

The genome of the amphioxus is on the horizon. With Linda Holland and Jeremy Gibson-Brown at the forefront, with all the amphioxus community behind, and with the Joint Genome Institute, the amphioxus genome will see the light this year, 2006. Hope that it will reflect the "prototypical" preduplicative genome of vertebrates. It may answer definitively what the human genome did not: Are we verteb...