Most difficult hepatobiliary (HPB) problems in infancy and childhood result from pathological anatomical/mechanical derangements; therefore, surgery on the liver and bile ducts depends on a detailed understanding of liver structure, function and repair response to injury or disease. The surgeon must be aware of the very diverse range of anatomical variations. Perhaps key to improving the outcom...

This study aims to explore the anatomical characteristics and clinical application of a medial tarsal free venous flap. We identified communicating venous systems in deep and superficial layers of anatomical specimens and tissue sections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the medial tarsal region. Based on this anatomical feature, we designed and cut free venous flaps in the medial tarsal r...

Physiological repair of congenitally corrected transposition (ccTGA, atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance, discordant transposition) has been available for well over 50 years. ‘Anatomic’ repairs, which address both discordant connections, were first performed in the late 1980s by Imai, Yagihara, Mee, Ilbawi and others. The Melbourne concept of pulmonary artery banding for left ve...

Anatomical discoveries and a growing appreciation of the knee as a complex organ are driving innovations in patient care decision-making following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Surgeons are increasing their efforts to restore combined mechanical-neurosensory ACL function and placing more consideration on when to reconstruct versus repair native anatomical structures. Surgical options...

BACKGROUND Financial, clinical, and psychological considerations have made same-day surgery an attractive option for a variety of procedures. This article aimed to analyse the postoperative results of same-day primary unilateral cleft nasolabial repair. METHODS This study was performed from 2011 to 2014. Unilateral cleft lip patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were preoperatively class...

BACKGROUND a small number of reports have suggested that inpatients with inguinal hernia, certain pelvic anatomical traits prevail, which are characterized by the low position of the groin, resulting in a marked verticality of the inguinal fold.Based on this notion we investigated a possible correlation of this anatomical characteristic with hernia development, by applying a simple clinical res...

The esophagus passes through an opening in the diaphragm (i.e. esophageal hiatus) as it courses through the chest to the abdomen eventually ending at the stomach. This opening is usually adequate for passage of the esophagus and nothing else (Fig. 1). However, patients that have a hiatal hernia have an enlarged opening. There are four different types of hiatal hernias described. Giant hiatal he...

PURPOSE To present a new combination of imaging techniques that helps reduce the use of iodinated contrast during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures in patients with renal insufficiency. TECHNIQUE Relevant anatomical structures are marked in the preprocedure computed tomography (CT) angiogram. A 3D-3D image fusion between the preprocedure CT and an intraprocedure cone-beam CT is p...

OBJECTIVE Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for Type B aortic dissections has come into wide use, despite it is still controversial. In addition, many dissections have entries in distal arch. Therefore, in order to cover distal arch entries, stent grafts needs to be placed in aortic arch. However, TEVAR of the aortic arch has anatomical restrictions, such as the proximity to the great...

Anatomical variations of carotid arteries may be related to their development (agenesis, aplasia, hypoplasia) or course (coiling, kinking, tortuosity). Partial or total aberrancies in carotid vessel anatomy rarely occur. We describe the case of a 95-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of confusion and disorientation together with upper limb clonus. Computed tomography (CT)-scan revealed ...