Social control and the enforcement of social norms glue a society together. It has been shown theoretically and empirically that informal punishment of wrongdoers fosters cooperation in human groups. Most of this research has focused on voluntary and uncoordinated punishment carried out by individual group members. However, as punishment is costly, it is an open question as to why humans engage...

Prisons are seen as a (temporary) home and community for offenders, yet they also have a dual role as a workplace for prison staff. This article explores how the "healthy settings" philosophy, commonly used in schools, applies in the prison environment. The article explores the concept of the health-promoting prison from the perspective of prison staff using semistructured interviews in three E...

Article history: Received 28 March 2011 Received in revised form 26 December 2011 Accepted 24 January 2012 Available online 18 February 2012 There is a long tradition of theoretical and empirical research linking intelligence to criminal activity. At the same time, the extant literature has been slow to examine this relationship in other settings. One such setting in which this relationship may...

BACKGROUND There is evidence for higher morbidity among prison inmates than in the general population. Despite this, patient satisfaction with the prison health services is scarcely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate patient satisfaction with prison health services in Norway and to analyze possible patient and service effects. METHODS The survey took part in 29 pris...

background: plantar fasciitis (pf) is a common foot complaint, affects both active sportsmen and physically inactive middle age group. it is believed that pf results from degenerative changes rather than inflammation. platelet?rich plasma (prp) therapy has been introduced as an alternative therapy for pf. this study is aimed to systematically review to the effectiveness and relevant factors of ...

BACKGROUND Fascioliasis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is one of the most important plant and water borne disease in Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fascioliasis and intestinal helminthes in inhabitants of rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in Southwest of Iran. METHODS Stool samples (1025) were collected from inhabitant of ...

reason and religion biquartery journal of institute of dinpazhoohi-e - alavi volume 7&8, number 13&14 concessionaire: ayatollah ahmad beheshti managing editor: mohsen izadi editor in chif: saeid beheshti executive manager: mahdi behshti       editorial board ahmad beheshti: professor, tehran university and howzeh. saeid beheshti: professor, allameh tabatabaei university. ahmad abedi: associate ...

BACKGROUND Opiate maintenance treatment (OMT) is increasingly being offered in prisons throughout Europe. The benefits of OMT in prison have been found to be similar to those produced by OMT in community settings. However, prison-based OMT has been a controversial issue because of fear of the diversion of OMT medications and the development of black markets for prescription drugs such as bupren...

The nascent literature on prison proliferation in the United States typically reveals negative impacts for communities of color. Given that Southern rural communities were the most likely to build during the prison boom (1970–2010), however, a more nuanced understanding of prison impact is warranted. Using a dataset matching and geocoding all 1663 U.S. prisons with their Census-appointed place,...