The concept of carbon credit arose out of increasing awareness of the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to combat global warming which was formalized in the Kyoto protocol. In addition to contribution to sustainable development with energy recovery in the form of methane, carbon credits can be claimed by application of advanced anaerobic processes in wastewater treatment for reducing...

and Implications Energy production and use has long been a major policy issue in Iowa. The 1990 Comprehensive Energy Plan for Iowa established two statewide goals around which current energy policy is structured: • to meet all future demand for energy by increasing efficiency rather than supply, and • to increase the use of alternative energy resources from 2% of Iowa's total energy consumption...

The estimation of overall on-site and off-site greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by wastewater treatment plants revealed that in anaerobic and hybrid treatment systems greater emissions result from off-site processes compared to on-site processes. However, in aerobic treatment systems, onsite processes make a higher contribution to the overall GHG emissions. The total GHG emissions were estimated ...

producing biogas is the most common method of energy generation in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in the world. methane production rate depends on degradation rate of organic pollutants in wastewater, temperature and treatment process. typical parameters for assessment of organic wastewater such as bod or cod indicate the potential to produce methane. there is no accurate ...

Two energy-generating technologies in Britain which transform waste into a resource are compared. One is the (in)famous Combined Heat and Power incinerator in Sheffield, the other a forgotten biological digester in Devon utilizing anaerobic microbes. Both sites are early exemplars of experimental and biopolitical waste disposal technologies—incineration and Anaerobic Digestion—now regarded as l...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of whole cells of methanogens in samples from anaerobic continuously stirred tank digesters treating slurries of solid waste. The assay was found to allow for quantitative analysis of the most important groups of methanogens in samples from anaerobic digesters in a reproducible manner. Polyclonal antisera against eight strains...