BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Two bacterial larvicide (bio-larvicide) formulations--Bacticide and VectoBac containing viable endospores and delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis H-14 were evaluated in 2001 for their mosquito larvicidal efficacy under the operational conditions of urban malaria control programme in Surat city, India. METHODS Larvicides were applied at the recomme...

In the present study, the feeding stage, body parts, development and sex specific activity of Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were observed in different mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, An. culicifacies, An. annularis, An. subpictus, An. vagus). GST activity was assayed spectrophotometrically at 23°C, using a UV Max microplate Reader, to measure th...

Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides used in the vector control program with impregnated mesh, and residual indoor sprays. However, resistance to insecticide reduces effectiveness. The present susceptibility study carried out against theAnopheles Stephensi monitor sensitivity conditions of An. vector, which raises need understand state Dungarpur region Rajasthan, India order better report vect...

Zika virus is a newly emergent mosquito-borne flavivirus that has caused recent large outbreaks in the new world, leading to dramatic increases in serious disease pathology including Guillain-Barre syndrome, newborn microcephaly, and infant brain damage. Although Aedes mosquitoes are thought to be the primary mosquito species driving infection, the virus has been isolated from dozens of mosquit...

aim: this study investigates the intraspecific competition, for food and density amongst larvae of anopheles stephensi (main malaria vector in south iran). material & methods: the effects of 4 selected food quantities (1x,2x,4x,6x) and 5 larval densities (0.1 to 3 larva/cm2) were tested individually or in combination on 7 biological indexes of the vector and the results were statistically ...

Mammalian herbivores, particularly dietary specialists must have an efficient means to metabolize the high doses of plant secondary compounds they consume. We found previously that Neotoma stephensi, a juniper specialist, upregulated catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) mRNA almost seven fold in response to an ecologically relevant diet (70% juniper). To further investigate the relevance of thi...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Insecticide in the form of space spray as an ultra low volume (ULV) aerosol are used during epidemics of vector borne diseases. Deltacide, a formulation comprising of three chemicals viz., deltamethrin 0.5 per cent w/v, S-bio-allethrin 0.71 per cent w/v and piperonyl butoxide 8.9 per cent w/v is suitable for ULV application. As this combination is found to be effective in...

An earlier in vitro screening of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) analogs showed that two DEPA analogs, N,N-diethyl(3-bromophenyl) acetamide and N,N-diethyl[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)]acetamide, and one Deet analog, N,N,diethyl[3-(trifluoromethyl)]benzamide, had biting-deterrent activities that were superior to Deet against Aedes aegypti (L.)...

1. Tiger snake antivenom, raised against Notechis scutatus venom, is indicated not only for the treatment of envenomation by this snake, but also that of the copperhead (Austrelaps superbus) and Stephen's banded snake (Hoplocephalus stephensi). The present study compared the neuromuscular pharmacology of venom from these snakes and the in vitro efficacy of tiger snake antivenom. 2. In chick biv...

susceptibility tests were carried out on anopheles stephensi with d.d.t(4%), dieldrin (4%), malathion(5%), propoxus (0.1%), primphos-methyl (o.lmg/cm2), lambda-cyhalothrin (0.1%), permethrin (0.25%) and deltamethrin (0.025%) during 1990-94 in minab county, soutern iran, using w.h.o standard method. results showed that an. stephensi was susceptible to malathion, propoxur, primphos - methyl, lamb...