Although the literature frequently examines achieving an integrated supply chain and participating in information sharing with supply chain partners, there is little guidance given to firms on how to progress to a state where these goals can become reality. This paper examines the struggles of one firm in moving toward information sharing with its suppliers and its hopes of achieving an integra...

This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a multi-channel supply chain. We study a situation where a manufacturer is going to open a direct online channel in addition to n existing traditional retail channels. It is assumed that the manufacturer is the leader and the retailers are the followers. The situation has a hierarchical nature and...

Nowadays, customer expectations are increasing and organizations are prone to operate in an uncertain environment. Under this uncertain environment, the ultimate success of the firm depends on its ability to integrate business processes among supply chain partners. Supply chain management emphasizes cross-functional links to improve the competitive strategy of organizations. Now, companies are ...

This paper addresses a closed-loop supply chain network design problem, in which two different supply chains compete on retail prices by defining a price-dependent demand function. So, the model is formulated in a bi-level stochastic form to demonstrate the Stackelberg competition and associated uncertainties more precisely. Moreover, it is capable of considering random disruptions in the leade...

To be sure, all the industries try to be involved in globalization with a constant trend to find out ways to increase productivity across different functions within an organization to maintain competitive advantage world. Pharmaceutical industries are not exceptional and further are based on fragmentation. So these kind of companies need to cope with several barriers such as silo mentality that...

this paper presents a design of an uwb downconversion integrated cmos resistive ring mixer with linear voltage regulator (lvr), to supply required biasing voltages for the mixer section. the designed mixer circuit has been optimized for using in heart rate extraction system with microwave doppler radar at 2.4ghz frequency. this mixer needs 2 dc bias voltages equal to 0.5 and 1 volts for its bes...