Aretaeus of Cappadocia in the second century A.D. made a short and vivid characterization of diabetes as a “mysterious disease”. With its multiple phenotypes and the main “thin diabetes” and the “fat diabetes”, Lancereaux indicated to us where the secret of type 2 diabetes must be found, namely in the adipose tissue. The pathogenic discordance between beta-cell mass (which progressively decreas...

Amylin, a small peptide co-secreted from pancreatic β-cells together with insulin, is one of the hallmarks of type II diabetes. In the course of this disease, it misfolds into small oligomers or into an aggregated β-sheet amyloid fiber. The misfolding mechanism is not yet well understood, but it is clear that metal ions such as zinc and copper play an important role in the process. In this work...

Epinephrine and amylin stimulate glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle. However, it is not known whether these hormones stimulate glycolytic ATP production that is specifically coupled to ATP consumption by the Na+-K+pump. These studies correlated glycolysis with Na+-K+-ATPase activity in resting rat extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles incubated at 3...

To examine the possible involvement of insulin and glucose in regulation of pancreatic islet gene expression, hyperinsulinemic (insulin infusion 4.1 mU/kg per min) clamps were performed for 12 h in rats at two different levels of glycemia (either 3 or 8 mM). A control group received a saline infusion for 12 h. At the end of the 12-h study period, pancreatic RNA was extracted, proinsulin and amy...

Calcitonin receptors (CTRs) dimerize with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) to generate high-affinity amylin (AMY) receptors; however, the relative contribution of individual RAMP domains to the formation of AMY receptors is poorly understood. We have used chimeras between RAMP1 and RAMP2 that specifically exchanged the N-terminal, transmembrane, or C-terminal domain and examined the...

BACKGROUND More than half of the world's adults carry Helicobacter pylori. The eradication of H. pylori may affect the regulation of human metabolic hormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on meal-associated changes in appetite-controlled insulinotropic and digestive hormones, and to assess post-eradication changes in body mass index as part of a curr...

Abdominal vagal and splanchnic afferents play an important role in the control of food intake in that they transmit various satiety signals to the central nervous system. Inasmuch as previous studies have shown that the anorectic effect of intraperitoneally injected amylin was not abolished by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of splanchnic affere...

In their comment, Haanes et al., suggest that CGRP could act through two distinct receptors in human coronary arteries; namely the CGRP receptor (CLR/RAMP1) and the AMY1 receptor (CTR/RAMP1). 1 Although there are other possible explanations, the presence of multiple CGRP receptor subtypes could explain their elegant data. In light of the active clinical development of blocking antibodies and sm...