Ecological restoration is crucial to counteract the degradation of coastal ecosystems. Recent studies increasingly suggest that success can be amplified by harnessing positive interactions between individuals foundation species, with clumped spatial designs as an easy-to-implement approach. However, are strongly context dependent, making it often difficult tell a priori if configurations would ...

This study used homogenised mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperatures from 12 stations located in Brno, Czechia, during the 2011–2020 period to analyse heat waves (HW) their impact on canopy urban island (UHI). HWs were recognized as at least three consecutive days with Tx ≥ 30 °C urban–rural intra-urban differences measures analysed. To express contribution UHI, we calculated UHI intensiti...