Signal transduction pathways enable organisms to monitor their external environment and adjust gene regulation to appropriately modify their cellular processes. Second messenger nucleotides including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP), cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) play key roles in many...

The nucleotide adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) can be released by various cell types and has been shown to elicit different cellular responses. In the extracellular space AMP is dephosphorylated to the nucleoside adenosine which can then bind to adenosine receptors. However, it has been shown that AMP can also activate A(1) and A(2a) receptors directly. Here we show that AMP is a potent modula...

Abstract. Air–sea flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical component the global cycle and climate system with ocean removing about quarter CO2 emitted into atmosphere by human activities over last decade. A common approach to estimate this net across air–sea interface use surface observations computation through bulk parameterization approach. Yet, details for how done in order arrive at upta...

Abstract. We evaluate the performance of Model Urban Network Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) in simulating ozone (O3) nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations within urban street canyons São Paulo metropolitan area (SPMA). The MUNICH simulations are performed inside Pinheiros neighborhood (a residential area) Paulista Avenue (an economic hub), which representative SPMA. Both zones have a...

A total of 24 nucleotides were examined as substrates for 5’-AMP aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.6). The following nucleotides were deaminated at the indicated maximum velocity relative to AMP (100): adenosine 5’-phosphoramidate (73), iV-methyl-AMP (ZO), dAMP (18), adenosine 5’-monosulfate (13), adenosine (l), and ADP (1). Other substrates for which maximum velocities were not determined included W-et...

The relationship between bradykinin (BK)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclic AMP syntheses in mouse fibrosarcoma cells (HSDM1C1) was investigated. Maximal BK-induced increases in cyclic AMP preceded increases in PGE2 production. PGE2 synthesis reached maximum at a much lower concentration of BK than cyclic AMP synthesis. Indomethacin completely inhibited BK-induced PGE2 production, but d...

The transimpedance or current feedback operational amplifier (CFB op-amp) is reviewed and compared to a conventional voltage mode op-amp using an analysis emphasizing the basic feedback characteristics of the circuit. With this approach the paradox of the constant bandwidth obtained from CFB op-amps is explained. It is demonstrated in a simple manner that the constant gain-bandwidth product of ...

This paper deals with chain graph models under alternative AMP interpretation. A new representative of an AMP Markov equivalence class, called the largest deflagged graph, is proposed. The representative is based on revealed internal structure of the AMP Markov equivalence class. More specifically, the AMP Markov equivalence class decomposes into finer strong equivalence classes and there exist...

To elucidate further how cyclic adenosine 3’ : S’-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and the cyclic AMP receptor are able to stimulate gal mRNA synthesis we have utilized an antiserum specific for cyclic AMP receptor and also cyclic GMP as inhibitors of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor action. When cyclic AMP, cyclic AMP receptor, DNA, and RNA polymerase are incubated together a rifampicin-resistant ...

The effect of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and N(6),O(2)-dibutyryl adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) on renal tubular permeability was studied by microinjection techniques in anesthetized diuretic rats. Radioactive inulin and mannitol were microinjected simultaneously into superficial proximal and distal convolutions and recovery of the isotopes wa...