Haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are formed during the disinfection of drinking waters with chlorine, are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Stage 1 Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule. Recently, three studies have been reported indicating that low concentrations of HAAs can also be formed during disinfection with chloramines. Methods currently appro...

Paper and pulp industrial waste waters are a major environmental concern. As the treatment of these effluents is a major problem, exploring novel and feasible biotechnological interventions is very important. Utilization of white rot fungi as a means of biological treatment seems to be a viable option. The study was undertaken to use immobilization technique and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a c...

The effect of ammonium on the fermentative production of gentamicin in Micromonospora purpurea has been studied using a chemically defined medium. Ammonium chloride concentrations ranging from 20 to 150 mM resulted in a proportional stimulation of growth and antibiotic formation. The use of other ammonium salts exerted a similar effect. Among the products of ammonium assimilation, glutamate and...

The title compound, C(24)H(21)N(3)O, was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl-ene)-1-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octan-3-one with α-bromo-p-toluonitrile, under phase-transfer catalytic (PTC) conditions using triethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride and 50% w/v aqueous NaOH solution in dichloro-methane. The crystal structure indicates the presence of a double bond with Z geometry connecting th...

Experiments study large-scale pattern formation during the growth of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) from solution in a thin (Hele-Shaw) geometry. In particular a solid-liquid mixture ("mushy layer") forms in which growing solid NH4Cl crystals form a solid network interspersed with liquid. There are different ways that the mushy layer can be formed, however. If the cell is heated from below and coole...

We report localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of hexagonal Au nanodot arrays to detect changes in the thickness and conformation of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes.

High pressure ab initio evolutionary structure searches resulted in a hydronitrogen solid with a composition of (NH)(4). The structure searches also provided two molecular isomers, ammonium azide (AA) and trans-tetrazene (TTZ) which were previously discovered experimentally and can be taken as molecular precursors for high pressure synthesis of the hydronitrogen solid. The computed pressure ver...

To investigate the behavioral mechanism of chemotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans, we recorded the instantaneous position, speed, and turning rate of single worms as a function of time during chemotaxis in gradients of the attractants ammonium chloride or biotin. Analysis of turning rate showed that each worm track could be divided into periods of smooth swimming (runs) and periods of frequent tu...

The title compound, C(25)H(24)N(2)O(3) was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl-ene)-1-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octan-3-one with methyl p-(bromo-meth-yl)benzoate, under phase-transfer catalytic (PTC) conditions using triethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride and 50% w/v aqueous NaOH solution in dichloro-methane. The crystal structure indicates the presence of a double bond with Z geometry c...