In a recent report published in this journal, Y. Qian and M.-X. Guan reported on their studies on interaction of aminoglycosides with human mitochondrial 12S rRNA carrying the A1555G deafness-associated mutation (15). Using RNA oligonucleotides representing the small subunit’s rRNA decoding A site (i.e., the drug binding pocket) and carrying the A1555G mutation, the authors used chemical footpr...

A conjugative IncL/M plasmid (pSEM) conferring resistance to gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, sulfonamides, and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was found in pathogenic strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Resistance to aminoglycosides was encoded by a sul1-type class 1 integron (In-t3). An extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene, bla(SHV-5), was identified 3. 5 kb downstream of t...

The alteration of ribosomal targets by recently described 16S rRNA methyltransferases confers resistance to most aminoglycosides, including arbekacin. Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative bacilli acquired through global surveillance programs were screened for the presence of these enzymes on the basis of phenotypes that were resistant to nine tested aminoglycosides. Subsequent molecular studi...

The presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics interferes with the determination of clindamycin levels by standard microbiological assay. A new bioassay method of quantitation of clindamycin in the presence of aminoglycosides is presented. This technique is based on the fact that incorporation of calcium chloride into assay agar blocks the antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides against Sarcina l...

Toxic nephropathies manifest morphologically as glomerulonephritides, vasculitides, tubular necrosis, and acute or chronic tubulointerstitial disease. The most common toxicity is acute interstitial nephritis owing to hypersensitivity. However, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and necrotizing angiitis secondary to heroin abuse, membranous glomerulopathy owing to gold, penicillamine and captopr...

Resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics has had a profound impact on clinical practice. Despite their powerful bactericidal activity, aminoglycosides were one of the first groups of antibiotics to meet the challenge of resistance. The most prevalent source of clinically relevant resistance against these therapeutics is conferred by the enzymatic modification of the antibiotic. Therefore, a dee...

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are a central component of the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) and slow the decline in lung function which ultimately causes the death of most patients. The prognosis of CF has improved, and thus side effects of treatments have become increasingly important. Observational studies suggest that the morbidity from side effects of aminoglycosi...

We report a multidrug-resistant strain of Leclercia adecarboxylata responsible for catheter-related bacteremia in a 47-year-old female with breast cancer. The isolated strain was resistant to several β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and folate pathway inhibitors and harbored bla(TEM-1) and bla(CTX-M) group 1 and intl1 genes (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2) as genetic determinants for resistance. Based on a revie...