The Bactec MGIT 960 system for testing susceptibility to second-line drugs was evaluated with 117 clinical strains in a multicenter study. The four drugs studied were levofloxacin, amikacin, capreomycin, and ethionamide. The critical concentration established for levofloxacin and amikacin was 1.5 microg/ml, that established for capreomycin was 3.0 microg/ml, and that established for ethionamide...

A mouse model of cerebral nocardiosis was used to determine relative antibiotic efficacy by reducing bacterial colony counts per gram of brain tissue. The antimicrobial agents employed were demonstrated in vitro to be inhibitory to most strains of Nocardia asteroides at very low concentrations. The agents used in this study were imipenem-cilastatin, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ...

The nephrotoxic potentials of the new aminoglycoside SCH 21420 and amikacin were compared in a rat model. Groups of rats received 100, 200, 300, or 600 mg of either drug per kg per day for 14 days. Enzymuria, urine osmolality, protein excretion, and blood urea nitrogen were monitored at periodic intervals, whereas creatinine clearance and pathological changes were determined at sacrifice. Amika...

The emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and 3rd-generation cephalosporins is a concern for physicians in developing countries. This study assessed the in vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against 464 S. entenca serovar Typhi isolates obtained from blood of patients clinically suspected of enteric fever who attended the Calcutta School of Tr...

The activity of seven antimicrobial agents (and five two-drug combinations and five three-drug combinations) was investigated against 37 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium recovered from blood cultures of AIDS patients. The susceptibility tests were performed in Middlebrook 7H12 broth using a radiometric method. MICs of amikacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, ethambutol, rif...

Amikacin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is active in vitro against most isolates of gram-negative bacilli. A dose of 300 mg/m(2) intramuscularly produced a highest mean serum concentration of 25.4 mug/ml with a mean serum concentration of 3.1 mug/ml at 8 h. The same dose intravenously produced a highest mean serum concentration of 52.4 mug/ml with a mean serum concentration of 2.1 mug...

Case 2: A 6-year-old boy presented with nonprogressive localized depression in the left gluteal region, noticed two months ago. He had febrile urinary tract infection four months back (two months prior to the gluteal depression), for which he received multiple intramuscular amikacin injections over seven days, with most of the injections administered in the left gluteal region. No other parente...

Methods Single-center observational study. All ICU patients with clinical indication of aminoglycosides were eligible.ICU physicians were encouraged to administer maximal recommended doses of amikacin and gentamicin (30 and 8 mg/kg, respectively). The first and subsequent doses and corresponding peak plasma concentrations were recorded. Guideline targets for serum concentrations were used with ...

The impact of different types of enzymatic resistance on the in vivo antibacterial activity of aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, and netilmicin) was studied in the rabbit endocarditis model with four strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Animals were treated in a manner simulating the administration of a single daily human dose. Amikacin had no effect on the three kanamycin-resistant strains d...

The anaerobic minimum inhibitory concentration of six aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, netilmicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin) averaged over 10-fold greater than the aerobic minimum inhibitory concentration for 50 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Cultures from osteomyelitis and blood generally showed a somewhat greater increase in minimum inhibitory concentration due ...