This target article presents an integrated evolutionary model of the development of attachment and human reproductive strategies. It is argued that sex differences in attachment emerge in middle childhood, have adaptive significance in both children and adults, and are part of sex-specific life history strategies. Early psychosocial stress and insecure attachment act as cues of environmental ri...

background: according to the attachment theory, anxiety disorders due to the child and based on attachment disorders are defined. this study examined the relationship between mother's attachment style and school anxieties of mentally retarded male students.   methods: all mentally retarded male students of secondary schools during academic year of 2008-2009 in shiraz were studied (127 students)...

Parenting styles and family functioning have been proved individually to make an important contribution to the development of adult attachment styles. However, few studies have attempted to clarify how these two factors influence adult attachment styles when taken into account simultaneously. In order to examine the relationship between adult attachment, perceived parenting, and family function...

of insecure attachment styles, according to Ein-Dor et al., is that across evolutionary time, the costs of insecure attachment styles to individuals were exceeded by benefits at the group-level. These group-level benefits are considered a driving selective force, not accidental byproducts of strategies that are individually advantageous – hence the paradox. The central idea is that insecure att...

the purpose of this study was to explore the role that perceived childhood attachment, family functioning and attribution styles have in social anxiety of high school students. 430 iranian students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from high schools of isfahan city. participants completed measures of childhood attachment to each parent (hazen and shaver, 1986), the family adaptabilit...

One study examined modes of social identification (‘attachment’ to the group and in-group ‘glorification’) that can lead people to experience positive psychological consequences from their cognition-based ambivalent evaluations of the in-group. As expected, among highly attached participants, cognitive in-group ambivalence predicted a stronger perception of their ambivalent views about fellow g...

Skin is a vital organ for communication throughout the life cycle, so that skin disease can cause a significant psychological distress. This study aimed to assessment the relation of attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression in patients with skin diseases. The 200 participants were selected using purposeful sampling among patients diagnosed with psoriasis, atop...