The verbal feedback given to junior soccer players potentially heading to a professional career is essential for technical and tactical skill development. The aim of this study is to examine whether differences exist in feedback between coaches of junior elite soccer teams and coaches of junior amateur soccer teams. The coaches of a junior elite soccer team and a junior amateur soccer team in N...

BACKGROUND In 2012, the South African Rugby Union (SARU) approved a new set of scrum laws for amateur rugby played in the country, to be implemented at the start of the 2013 rugby season. These law changes were primarily based on the relatively high proportion of scrum-related catastrophic injury data collected as part of the BokSmart National Rugby Safety Programme (BokSmart) over the precedin...

In this paper, we propose a method for assisting amateur writers in novel writing. Amateur writers can publish their work intensively through web infrastructures. This situation is beneficial, because it encourages amateur writers to enhance their skills by sharing their work. However, writing a good novel is difficult for a novice, because the novel-writing task requires the management of many...

AIM The objective of this study was to apply extended NO analysis for measurements of NO dynamics in the lung, divided into alveolar and airway contribution, in amateur runners and marathoners. METHODS The athletes participated in either a marathon or a half marathon. The athletes self-reported their age, weight, height, training distance per week, competing distance, cardio-pulmonary health,...

BACKGROUND High intensity intermittent aerobic exercise is an elementary endurance training exercise to build soccer endurance. Many studies exist with professional soccer players. But limited research has been conducted with amateur soccer players. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare and assess the effects of the shuttle-run method and the Hoff-track method on the ability to reco...

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the subtitling strategies based on Gottlieb (1992) translation theory accuracy according by Larson (1998: 530) in Paterson movie. This used descriptive-qualitative method data documentation applied collect data. Based results study, it can be concluded that there were 389 found movie with transfer (129 data), paraphrase (93 deletion (59 cond...

The encounter of amateur science with synthetic biology has led to the formation of several amateur/do-it-yourself biology (DIYBio) groups worldwide. Although media outlets covered DIYBio events, most seemed only to highlight the hope, hype, and horror of what DIYBio would do in the future. Here, we analyze the European amateur biology movement to find out who they are, what they aim for and ho...

We address the issue of sustainability of practice, which we regard as crucial for the sustainability of the community at large. In the absence of material reward, sustaining a specialized activity such as programming is not trivial especially when members move often in and out of the community. Our case is the group of voluntary, amateur student programmers from a European-wide student organiz...

Existing methods for white balancing photographs tend to rely on skilled interaction from the user, which is prohibitive for most amateur photographers. We propose a minimal interaction system for white balancing photographs that contain humans. Many of the pictures taken by amateur photographers fall into this category. Our system matches a user-selected patch of skin in a photograph to an ent...