We present (29)Si, (27)Al, and (67)Zn NMR evidence to show that silicate ions in alkaline solution form complexes with zinc(II) (present as zincate, Zn(OH)(3)(-) or Zn(OH)(4)(2-)) and, concomitantly, with aluminate (Al(OH)(4)(-)). Zincate reacts with monomeric silicate at pH 14-15 to form [(HO)O(2)Si-O-Zn(OH)(3)](4-) and with dimeric silicate to produce [HO-SiO(2)-O-SiO(2)-O-Zn(OH)(3)](6-). The...

Covalently bound organic silicate aluminum hybrid coagulants were synthesized by employing two silane coupling agents [diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (APDES)] as silicon sources. An additional coagulant was synthesized using anothersilane-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) for comparison. Both the coagulant with DEDMS and that with APDES as the silicon source ...

spin is a quantum property of every electron, associated with its intrinsic angular momentum. Though there are no suitable physical analogies to describe the spin quantum number, there are two possibilities , called spin 'up' and spin 'down.' The electronic structure of iron in minerals is generally such that valence electrons will more abundantly occupy different spatial orbitals and maintain ...

From the standpoint of processing, hard chromium layer plate may be applied to steels, cast iron, aluminum and nickel base alloys. Cast iron can be plated provided that the surface is capable of conducting the required current and is reasonably free of voids, pits, gross silicate inclusions, and massive segregation. There are many difficulties arising from graphite phase and deposition of hydro...

Repeated manure additions containing phosphorus (P) in excess of crop needs have led to many agricultural soils with high levels soil P (i.e., legacy P), particularly the Delmarva region (USA). Due potential for release, it is important gain a better understanding mechanisms desorption and solubilization. Agricultural were collected from Peninsula, pools determined using suite wet chemical spec...

The viscosity-temperature relationships of nine melts in the NazO-FeO-Fe20&iO~ system (in equilibrium with air) have been measured in the temperature range of 145&800”C, using the concentric cylinder method. “Fe Miissbauer spectra were obtained on quenched samples and show that all melts with 220 mole% ferrite component contain ~95% Fe as tetrahedrally-coordinated ferric ions. The compositions ...

We have performed and visualized chemical garden growth experiments directly in situ an environmental scanning electron microscope. The microscope chamber simulates the surface of Mars. demonstrate that gardens can form under conditions temperature pressure existing on Mars presence liquid water, silicates, metal salts. Using from aluminum salts, tubes were formed where external is principally ...