Recommended methods for disposal of aluminium phosphide may involve burial. A range of aluminium phosphide preparations used for fumigation consisting of partially spent, and unspent commercial phosphine (PH3) generating aluminium phosphide formulations (blankets and sachets, pellets, and tablets), was buried for 19 months. Phosphine produced by the formulations during this period was monitored...

Aluminium, with more than 50 Mt annual production in 2016, is an essential material in modern engineering designs of lightweight structures. To obtain aluminium ingots from bauxite, three main processes are involved: the Bayer process to produce alumina from bauxite; the anode manufacturing process to produce electrodes, and the smelting process using the Hall-Héroult technology. The Hall-Hérou...

The benefits, costs and risk from introducing aluminium-tolerant lucerne (alfalfa) into a sheep grazing enterprise, consisting of a perennial ryegrass-based pasture, located in the high rainfall zone of Victoria, Australia, were estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Two ‘what if’ scenarios were compared for a modelled representative case study farm; 1) where aluminium toxicity occurr...

OBJECTIVES The purpose was to study the effects on the nervous system in welders exposed to aluminium and manganese. METHODS The investigation included questionnaires on symptoms, psychological methods (simple reaction time, finger tapping speed and endurance, digit span, vocabulary, tracking, symbol digit, cylinders, olfactory threshold, Luria-Nebraska motor scale), neurophysiological method...

BACKGROUND In studies in Gothenburg, Sweden, in the 1990s of an aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed pertussis toxoid vaccine, 745 of ~76 000 vaccinated children developed long-lasting itchy subcutaneous nodules at the vaccination site. Of 495 children with itchy nodules patch tested for aluminium allergy, 376 (76%) were positive. OBJECTIVES To study the prognosis of the vaccine-induced aluminium all...

Sub-cutaneous immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergy. It works by helping to modify or re-balance an individual's immune response to allergens and its efficacy is greatly improved by the use of adjuvants, most commonly, aluminium hydroxide. Aluminium salts have been used in allergy therapy for many decades and are assumed to be safe with few established side-effects. This assumptio...

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that elevated Aluminium (Al) levels contribute to Alzheimer or ALS Multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Aim: we have described three cases of patients who had extremely elevated Aluminium levels (Al) (before any treatment) by unknown causes. Results: These patients reduces 48 % their Aluminium levels and rise (67 %) GSH (Glutathione: reduced form) le...

Seventeen severely anaemic and transfusion-dependent haemodialysis patients with a haemoglobin less than 7 g/dl were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-Hu-EPO). Aluminium toxicity was diagnosed by a positive desferrioxamine (DFO) test and bone biopsy. Seven out of eight patients without aluminium toxicity responded to r-Hu-EPO therapy. Similarly all patients with aluminium toxicit...

Antiperspirants denote cosmetic products with an anti-perspiration effect which are available as roll-ons, sticks, creams or aerosols (sprays). The anti-perspiration effect is achieved by means of aluminium salts which block the ends of the sweat ducts for a certain amount of time. The safety of aluminium and antiperspirants continues to be critically examined. This is notably true with regard ...