The essentiality of money is commonly justified on effi ciency grounds. In this paper, we propose an alternative view on the essentiality of money. We consider an economy with limited monitoring where agents have to coordinate on the use of two alternative technologies of exchange, money and credit. We show that although credit strictly dominates money from an effi ciency perspective, money is ...

background: with increasing use of antibiotics, the number and type of microbial resistance to antibiotics have been raised and at result the need for synthesis of new antimicrobials or acquire new sources of antimicrobial is indisputable. in this study the antimicrobial effects of the flowering aerial parts of glaucium vitellinum and gaillonia aucheri were investigated. m aterials and methods:...

In dynamic applications characterised by a variety of alternative services with the same functionality but heterogeneous results, agents requesting services must find an efficient way to select a service provider from alternatives. In this context, this paper proposes an evaluation method to analyse the outcome of dynamic service, in order to provide a guide for agents in future decision-making...

Economic agents differ from physical atoms because of the learning capability and memory, which lead to strategic behaviour. Economic agents learn how to interact and behave by modifying their behaviour when the economic environment changes. We show that business fluctuations are endogenously generated by the interaction of learning agents via the phenomenon of regenerative-coordination, i.e. a...

In this paper we address the question of assigning social norms to agents: should we attempt to ascribe social norms to agents that will act in complex dynamic environments, or is it possible to allow the agents to adapt to new situations as they arise, and choose their norms accordingly? We argue that adaptation is preferable to prescription, in that agents should be allowed to revise their no...

We discuss the use of agents and qualitative representations in networked robotic systems and describe cooperation between agents as a means of realizing functionality. We present this approach as an alternative to quantitative techniques. We describe our networked robotic system and show how agents can be constructed in that system. We discuss an example teleoperation task, where agent coopera...

An important, though as yet elusive, goal of cancer chemotherapy is the development of agents that are selectively toxic to tumor cells and, thus, permit effective cancer treatment to be administered without severe, often life-threatening toxicity to normal tissues. Until such agents are available, an alternative strategy to improve the therapeutic index of cancer chemotherapy is the administra...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male broiler chickens in the period from 21 to 42 days of age fed diets with increasing levels of sunflower meal (sm) supplemented with an enzyme complex (ec). a total of 1920 animals of the cobb strain were distributed in a randomized block design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement (four sm levels and three enzymes utilization types)...

results the result of the present study confirmed wide use of herbal drugs use during pregnancy that need to report the safety concerns of these drugs during pregnancy. background investigations across the world confirm dramatic increment in the use of complementary and alternative medicine in pregnant women. the most important aspect is lack of awareness of pregnant women about potential effec...

Human-subject market experiments have established in a wide variety of environments that the Continuous Double Auction (CDA) guarantees the maximum efficiency (100 percent) and the transaction prices converge quickly to the competitive equilibrium price. Since in humansubject experiments we can not control the agents' behaviour, one would like to know if these properties (quick price convergenc...