the silversides or sand smelts are found in coastal areas of temperate to tropical seas and in fresh water. there are about 14 genera and 68 species with only one native species in the caspian sea basin, atherina caspia . in this review, the systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the caspian silverside of iran are described, the species is illust...

Before 1982, Daphnia retrocurva and Daphnia galeata mendotae were the dominant species of Daphnia in Lake Michigan. Between 1972 and 198 1, Daphnia community structure in the offshore region shifted toward greater dominance of the larger D. galeata mendotae, with Daphniapulicaria, another large species, dominating by 1982. This continued through summer 1984. Shifts in offshore Daphnia community...

Seasonal and long-term variability of phytoplankton in the Middle Caspian was studied based on remote sensing data sea by SeaWiFS MODIS-Aqua scanners 1998–2021 results field observations 2004–2021. The seasonal chlorophyll “a” (CHL) calculated from satellite using a regional algorithm indicated that autumn winter seasons were main production periods year. In summer, period stagnation observed g...

Habitat preferences and foraging strategies affect population-level space use are therefore crucial to understanding population change implementing spatial conservation management actions. We investigated the breeding season habitat preference site fidelity of under-studied threatened, Baltic Sea Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia). Using GPS devices, we tracked 20 adult individuals at two colon...

Most evidence for hybrid swarm formation stemming from anthropogenic habitat disturbance comes from the breakdown of reproductive isolation between incipient species, or introgression between allopatric species following secondary contact. Human impacts on hybridization between divergent species that naturally occur in sympatry have received considerably less attention. Theory predicts that rei...

Predicting and mitigating the impact of anthropogenic barriers on migratory fish requires an understanding individual environmental factors that influence barrier passage. Here, upstream spawning migrations iteroparous twaite shad Alosa fallax were investigated over three successive in a highly fragmented river basin using passive acoustic telemetry ( n = 184). More approached passed lower reac...