This papers investigates the manipulation of statements of strong independence in probabilistic logic. Inference methods based on polynomial programming are presented for strong independence, both for unconditional and conditional cases. We also consider graph-theoretic representations, where each node in a graph is associated with a Boolean variable and edges carry a Markov condition. The resu...

Constructing stated-preference (sp) experiments from a choice that the respondent made in a revealed-preference setting can enhance the realism of the sp task and the efficacy of preference revelation. However, the practice creates dependence between the sp attributes and unobserved factors, contrary to the independence assumption that is maintained for standard estimation procedures. We descri...

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is characterised by the onset of anaphylaxis during (or soon after) exercise preceded by ingestion of a food allergen. In FDEIA, both food allergens and exercise are independently tolerated. This syndrome has been associated with wheat, seafood, peanut, egg, milk, vegetables and fruits. Rosaceae fruits may also be involved. There are two major...

existence of energy reserves as god-given assets was considered as a unique opportunity for the former republics of soviet :union: , their dependence on the former center (russia) for transferring energy to the consuming markets has confronted them with various challenges. as one of these republics, turkmenistan enjoys excellent geo-economic status since a long time ago due to its huge natural ...

A first-order theory T has the Independence Property provided T ⊢ (Q)(Φ ⇒ Φ1 ∨ · · · ∨ Φn) implies T ⊢ (Q)(Φ ⇒ Φi) for some i whenever Φ,Φ1, . . . ,Φn are formulae of a suitable type and (Q) is any quantifier sequence. Variants of this property have been noticed for some time in logic programming and in linear programming. We show that a first order theory has the independence property for the ...