Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex condition that results from the dynamic interplay between genetic predisposition, skin barrier defects, environmental factors, and a dysfunctional immune system. As a result, AD can be complicated by irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and imbalances in the skin microbiome, which can subsequently exacerbate the severity and complicate the course of preex...

Nickel is the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis in females. The dermatitis can be maintained both by direct contact and by ingestion of nickel. In 9 out of 17 patients suffering from dermatitis, a diet with a low nickel content has improved their condition. Eleven patients with chronic nickel hand dermatitis were given a daily dosage of 200 to 400 mg of tetraethylthiuramdisulfide...

PURPOSE Shoe manufacturing workers are exposed daily to an extensive range of potential physical and chemical occupational hazards. Shoe manufacturing in Indonesia is one of the industrial sectors that has shown sustained growth amongst the newly industrialized countries (NICs). In this study, we investigated the possible potential exposure of the workers to physical and occupational hazards an...

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests. skin contact with consumer items, but nickel is also an important cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Accordingly, excessive nickel exposure has been shown in many occupations (1–3). As it is important for clinicians to confirm and quantify occupational nickel exposure, practical and inexpensive tools are needed...

Parabens, methyl, ethyl, propyl, benzyl, and butyl, are the most common preservatives in use today. They are the alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are used extensively because they are relatively nonirritating and nontoxic and offer good antimicrobial coverage. Testing for paraben allergen can be done by patch testing. Two cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to parabens are used ...

We report a case of a non-atopic, 37-year-old nail technician who developed blisters, itching, scaling, and redness, that is, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), on the hands and fingers owing to sensitization tomethacrylates and acrylates, in this article called (meth)acrylates, only months after finishing her trainee period. The protective effect of gloves was studied in an in vivo system simu...

We are developing a new, animal-free assay for determination of the sensitizing potential of a substance. The design of this assay is based on current immunological knowledge of the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis. It integrates human dendritic cells and keratinocytes, which are both known to be critically involved in vivo. The read-out system uses molecular responses typically occu...

BACKGROUND Cobalt has been shown to induce mainly asthma, allergic contact dermatitis and hard metal disease. The data on cobalt asthma are mainly based on case reports. AIMS To characterize all the cases of occupational cobalt asthma encountered in a cobalt plant at the time of diagnosis and 6 months later. We also evaluated the incidence of cobalt asthma in different departments on the basi...

BACKGROUND Contact sensitization to fragrances is common both in clinical and in population samples. The spectrum of allergens is broad and diverse, and to some extent covered by a set of screening agents. OBJECTIVES To examine the current frequency of contact sensitization to fragrance allergens in patients routinely patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis with the baseline se...

An 11-year-old girl presented with a history of two episodes of facial eczema, which developed 1 day after the application of make-up that was removed with ‘hypoallergenic’ facial wipes. She was patch tested with the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy baseline series, a facial series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden), and the facial wipes (the only ‘own’ product made available f...