Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a clean and renewable energy resource. To date, power generation in MFCs is severely limited. In order to improve performance, a wide range of techniques have been utilised for a fundamental scientific understanding of the components and processes and also to investigate MFC performance bottlenecks. In this tutorial review, we discuss the electrochemical/el...

The present work proposes and demonstrates a methodology to capture the effect of operating conditions on ionic conductivity of membranes immersed in alkaline media. Based on reported experimental results for an anion exchange membrane (A-201 by Tokuyama) and a cation exchange membrane (Nafion 211), two novel expressions are developed for the ionic conductivity by incorporating the effects of s...

Application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to wastewater treatment for direct recovery of electric energy appears to provide a potentially attractive alternative to traditional treatment processes, in an optic of costs reduction, and tapping of sustainable energy sources that characterizes current trends in technology. This work focuses on a laboratory-scale, air-cathode, and single-chamber MFC...

Vinylbenzyl chloride was grafted onto PVDF and FEP polymer films using the radiation-grafting methodology. Subsequent reaction with trimethylamine and ion-exchange with potassium hydroxide yields alkaline anion-exchange membranes that are capable of conducting hydroxide ions; such membranes may be suitable for use in low temperature direct methanol fuel cells for portable devices. The PVDF base...

a synthesis of doped ceria by combustion method is performed. two types of fuel such asurea and glycine is used to investigate the effect of fuel reactivity and reaction rate on themorphology of the resulted powders. thermo gravimetric analysis is carried out by (tg/dta,rigaku thermalplus tg 8120) to study the exo–endo temperature of as-received powder. thecrystalline phases are identified by x...

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Most of the biodiesel that is currently made uses soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. The high value of soybean oil as a food product makes production of a cost–effective fuel very challenging. However, there are large amounts of low–cost oils an...

introduction : deproteinized bovine bone mineral (bio-oss) is a xenogenic bone substitute, widely used in maxillofacial bone regeneration. the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate its influence on the growth behavior of human osteosarcoma cell line, saos-2 culture, and compare it with the physiologic dose of dexamethasone, an inductive factor for osteoblasts. materials and methods: hum...

This study provides a step-by-step, up-to-date fuel cell fundamentals, thermodynamic and electrochemical principles, system evaluation factors via case of 10-kW alkaline designed to operate in space applications. The also produces 100 kg pure water 5.5 kW heat. is modelled using MATLAB ANSYS Fluent. Then, the model verified with theoretical experimental results from literature. A parametric var...

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Currently, most biodiesel is made from soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. However, there are large amounts of fats and oils that are unsuitable for human consumption that could be converted to biodiesel at lower cost. The problem with processing these waste...

One of the most important Fuel cells (FCs) is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The outputvoltage of this FC depends on current loads. This paper tries to introduce, implement and control the voltage ofPEMFC, during load variations. The output voltage of fuel cell should be constant during load variation. Toachieve this goal, a controller should be designed. Here, the Lead-Lag contr...