Glutamine synthetase (GS) is encoded by three distinct gene families (GSI, GSII, and GSIII) that are broadly distributed among the three domains of life. Previous studies established that GSII and GSIII isoenzymes were expressed in diatoms; however, less is known about the distribution and evolution of the gene families in other chromalveolate lineages. Thus, GSII cDNA sequences were isolated f...

Altricial birds are unable to maintain body temperature when exposed to low ambient temperatures during the first days after hatching. Thermoregulatory capacity begins to form as postnatal development progresses, and eventually nestlings become homeothermic. Several factors may influence this development at both the level of the individual and the level of the whole brood, but to our knowledge ...

In this study, we partly characterize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II B in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). A total of 22 individuals from three different European locations: Spain, The Netherlands, and Sweden were screened for MHC allelic diversity. The MHC genes were investigated using both PCR-based methods and unamplified genomic DNA with restriction fragment length polym...

Green tree frogs, Litoria caerulea, in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia remain active during the dry season with apparently no available water and temperatures that approach their lower critical temperature. We hypothesized that this surprising activity might be because frogs that are cooled during nighttime activity gain water from condensation by returning to a warm, humid tree hollo...

Bu çalışmada Dicle Nehri’nin Güçlükonak ile Cizre arasındaki Mevkiinde (Şırnak) Ocak 2015 Aralık tarihleri arasında yakalanan Alburnus sellal bireylerinin boy-ağırlık ilişkisi kondisyon faktörü araştırılmıştır. İncelenen 107 adet A. bireyinin dişilerde W=0.0129*L2.925 (R2=0.8803±0.115), erkeklerde W=0.0076*L3.0908 (R2=0.7033±0.151) ve tüm bireyler için W=0.0092*L3.0363 (R2=0.8332±0.133) olarak ...