General comments "A climatology of surface ozone in extra tropics: cluster analysis of observations and model results" presents a useful new analysis of measured ozone concentrations and applies it to evaluate the performance of a global chemistry transport model. This is potentially a valuable contribution but a few points need further consideration. Introduction Some discussion should be incl...

Accepted for publication 11 February 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A recent review article has raised a number of important practical issues for clinicians attending the scene of a road traffic accident, many of which have been amplified by other correspondents. 3 One matter that remains unclear, however, is the most suitable mode of transport to move injured patients from ...

As of 2004, the future of the traditional airlines is at stake. By extension, so is the future for their platforms, their airports. Once air transport became open to unregulated competition, many kinds of innovative companies have challenged the ‘legacy’ airlines. Whether the innovators focus on passengers (Southwest, Ryanair), integrated cargo (DHL, Fedex) or the airports themselves (Frankfurt...

In recent years more and more focus has been placed on the environmental aspects of ships, because of the great attention to exhaust gas emissions from ships including CO2, a leading contributor to Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions, due to their negative effect on global warming. Maritime transport has clear environmental advantages: it expends relatively little energy and its infrastructure r...

The ozone variability observed by tropospheric ozone lidars during the ESCOMPTE campaign is analyzed by means of a hybrid-Lagrangian modeling study. Transport processes responsible for the formation of ozone-rich layers are identified using a semi-Lagrangian analysis of mesoscale simulations to identify the planetary boundary layer (PBL) footprint in the free troposphere. High ozone concentrati...

London’s air quality is the worst in the UK. Levels of pollution cause serious health impacts, which have led to UK and EU air quality targets. A considerable proportion of London will not meet these targets, particularly for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10). To achieve the air quality targets, significant additional action is needed, particularly to reduce road transport em...

Air pollution in urban cites is caused not only by local emission sources but also significantly by regional atmospheric pollutant transport from surrounding areas. This study is to identify regional atmospheric PM10 transport pathways through an integrated modeling and synoptic pressure pattern analysis approach with a case study in Beijing, northern China. Beijing is a city sensitive to trans...