This paper presents a physically based method for simulating the heat transfers between the different environmental elements to synthesize realistic winter sceneries. We simulate the snow fall over the ground, as well as the conductive, convective and radiative thermal transfers using a finite volume method according to the variations of air and dew point temperatures, the amount of snow, cloud...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the aging period prior to freezing on the meat quality of Hanwoo longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Three different combinations of aging and freezing periods (0/90, 20/70, and 40/50) were examined using LD muscle at 24 h postmortem under an identical storage time of 90 d. The pH and lightness slightly increased with increasing aging period. Howeve...

In order to improve fitting and forecasting precision and solve the problem that some data with less sensitivity lead to low simulation precision of partial leastsquares regression (PLS for short) model, the new method of simulating freezing depth is presented according to ground temperature of different depths, air temperatures, surface temperatures and the like. Firstly, the PLS model, which ...

The fisheries sector in Indonesia has a greater potential, namely pelagic and demersal fish populations including skipjack tuna are referred to as commodities that have high nutritional value but easily damaged because they contain lots of protein which is free amino acids for microbial metabolism. production ammonia, biogenic amines, organic acids, ketones sulfur composition. Fish one the food...

This paper investigates the effects of surface wettability and initial conditions on early frost formation for hydrophobic, hydrophilic, bare aluminum flat surfaces. The new data revealed that average droplet sizes were larger size distributions wider hydrophilic than hydrophobic was due to a coalescence phenomenon occurring before droplets froze into ice beads. Because relative high sub-freezi...

The genesis of some types of patterned ground, including hummocks, frost boils and sorted stone circles, has been attributed to differential frost heave (DFH). However, a theoretical model that adequately describes DFH has yet to be developed and validated. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for the initiation of DFH, and discuss how variations in physical (i.e. soil/vegetation prop...

The standard index of microbial air contamination (IMA) for the measurement of microbial air contamination in environments at risk is described. The method quantifies the microbial flow directly related to the contamination of surfaces coming from microbes that reach critical points by falling on to them. The index of microbial air contamination is based on the count of the microbial fallout on...

Different methods have been designed to calculate the air quality index in form of mathematical formula. But the formula designed by Central Pollution Control Board in 2014 is more robust to find out the air quality category. The index has been calculated based upon four parameters like particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5), sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide. The study area has affected by different ...

Mongolia is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, located in transition several natural and permafrost zones. Long-term trends air freezing thawing indices can therefore enhance our understanding change. This study focuses on changes spatiotemporal patterns over from 1960 2020, using observations at 30 meteorological stations. Our results shows that index ranges ?945.5 ?4,793.6°C...