In most animals, male copulation is dependent on the detection and processing of female-produced sex pheromones. In males, a refractory postejaculatory interval (PEI) follows copulation, allowing them to avoid direct remating until they have replenished their reproductive tracts. In the moth Agrotis ipsilon, newly mated males show a transient inhibition of behavioral and central nervous respons...

Parasitoid wasps are convenient subjects for testing sex allocation theory. However, their intricate life histories are often insufficiently captured in simple analytical models. In the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma koehleri, a clone of genetically identical offspring develops from each egg. Male clones contain fewer individuals than female clones. Some female larvae develop into soldiers that ...

Progressive or liberal constitutional scholars who focus on religious freedom have not been pleased with the Rehnquist Court.' For more than a decade, it seems, the Court has been handing down decisions that have twisted the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses in an unduly conservative direction. Most notably, Employment Division v. Smith radically transformed free exercise doctrine, while ...

The black cut worm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) is a destructive crop pest worldwide and typical damaging plant parts below the soil surface, which requires thorough phenological prediction of target stage for proper management. Temperature an essential factor affecting phenology dynamics insect populations. So, this study was conducted to evaluate temperature-dependent development A. fed on Kimc...